j, PENNATULIDA. 



the \vin°-s may be quite low. Whether the want of an enlargement of the calcareous axis at the 

 thickest part of the peduncle, is of any importance I must leave undecided, but I think it doubtful. 

 The colour, to be sure, is not in exact agreement with the statements of Sars with regard to living 

 P. finmarchica, but the difference is not so great as to make an identity of the species impossible. 



The genus Pavonaria also occurs, but as other species, in the Pacific. In our Museum we 

 have representatives of two undescribed species from Japanese seas 1 ) and the Gulf of Korea. To 

 these must be added a young stage from the coast of Korea (depth 80 fathoms); it is 305 ,mn long, but 

 very slender. In spite of this considerable length it is still nearest to the Microptilum-stage; the 

 calyx-teeth are long as in the Ingolf specimens, and in many of the polyps also fused together so as 

 to appear as one tooth. The polyps are arranged in two rows, one belonging to either side, larger 

 (older) polyps and smaller (younger) alternating somewhat regularly, and where two polyps are 

 placed opposite to each other their bases touch; one zooid or only a few between each two polyps on 

 the same side, etc. Most probably it is the same species described at a still younger stage by K61- 

 liker as Microptilum willemoesii (Rep. Chall. Penn. PI. VII, fig. 27) taken south of Yedo, 34° f N. Lat. 

 138 E. Long., depth 565 fathoms. 



In the Riksmuseum of Stockholm is a Pavonaria (1075, I4 /s 79) taken by the Vega-Expedition 

 at Bering-Island (depth 65 fathoms); and M or off (I.e. pp.390, 393) describes a Pavonaria dofieini 

 from Monterey in California, and a P. californica. Finally, we have several older notices of large 

 Pennatulids from the American side of the Pacific (originally by Gray called ■■■ Osieocella >, but he, to 

 be sure, established the genus on the naked calcareous axes); they have been described by Stearns 

 and Moss, and belong doubtless either to Pavonaria or Halipteris; the descriptions, however, are so 

 imperfect, that it cannot be decided with certainty which of these closely allied genera are in question 

 (comp. below under Haliptrris). 



Halipteris Kolliker. 



The genus Halipteris is very closely allied to Pavonaria K611. This may be seen, apart from 

 the anatomical structure of the colony, its polyps and zooids (with regard to which I may refer to 

 the monograph of Kolliker), especially in the polyp-calyx, the form of which is the same in 

 both genera, viz. a truncate, oblique cone whose abaxial side is the longer and whose abaxial edge 

 is provided with two calyx-points supported by spicules. The most essential difference between the 

 two genera is only that in Halipteris, the oblique polyp-rows are not coalesced to real wings; the 

 young stages therefore show so great a resemblance to one another as to be easily confused. To 

 separate these two genera into two different families, as done by Kolliker, must be regarded as 

 quite erroneous. 



") The remarkable «genus» Echinoplilum described by Hubreckt (Proe. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1885, p. 512, Pis. 30, 31) is, I 

 think, one of the Japanese species, viz. a multilated fragment, from which, as is the case with Gondii/, the calcareous axis 

 has been torn out. As I have not, however, had the opportunity of seeing Echinoptilum itself, I can only advance this as a 

 supposition, and leave it to a more particular test. 



