PKNNATUUDA. 



79 



nothing opposed to it 1 ), whilst on the other hand, the long and slender form of both the stalk and 

 the cluster, and also the geographical occurrence speak in favour of this opinion. As to the latter, 

 U. gracilis has been taken (by the Triton ) at 59 29' 30" N. Lat., 7 13' W. Long, 555 fathoms (the 

 Atlantic, west of Rona), U. Bairdii at 38° 30' 30" — 38 53' N. Lat., 69 8' 25" — 69 24' 40" W. Long, 1731 

 —2033 fathoms, east of North America (south of Martha's Vineyard), both accordingly within a terri- 

 tory that has proved upon the whole to possess the very same species of Pennatulids as the norther- 

 most part of the Atlantic, so far as the warm area extends. 



The species U. lindahlii is now known from the mouth of the Umanak Fjord, 71 27' N. Lat, 

 53 58' W. Long., 122 fathoms, from Baffin's Bay, 70 43' N. Lat., 52 3' W. L, 410 fathoms (Lindahl). from 

 the Davis Straits, the «Ingolf 's St. 36, 6i° 50' N. Lat., 56° 21' W. Long., 1435 fathoms, from the Denmark 

 Straits, St. 90 of the Ingolf », 64 45' N. Lat., 29 06' W. Long., 568 fathoms, and from the Fseroe Channel, 

 St. 76 of the Mich. Sars», 59 29' N. Lat, 7 51' W. Long., 580—689 fathoms; probably it is distributed 

 over the whole northern part of the Atlantic. Farther south it is perhaps replaced by other species 

 that cannot be confused with it, for one thing on account of their abundance of developed spicules, 

 as U. giintheri K611. (found in the Atlantic almost under the equator, at the West Indies, and off the 

 east coast of North America, sometimes together with U. bairdii), and U. thomsoni K61L, found 

 between Portugal and Madeira (the Challenger I and in the Bay of Gascony (the Caudan.) 2 ). 



Umbellula encrinus (L.). 



PI. Ill, Figs. 46—51. 



his (lie riu us Linue. Syst Nat. Ed. X. 1758, p. 800. 



Umbellula encrinus Danielssen & Koren, Norw. North-Atlantic-Exped. Penn. 1884, p. 13 — 56, Pis. V — XII. 



The polyps (in large specimens) form a dense, hanging cluster; this cluster is apparently radiate, 

 the largest polyps forming an (apparently) closed, lower circle of 9 — 12 (13) individuals which may hide 

 the other polyps more or less completely; the tentacles are of about the same length as the polyp- 

 body often somewhat shorter. The part of the rhachis-club seen below the polyps is formed like a short 

 calyx covered with zooids; each of these is provided with a ventral tentacle; between the bases of the 

 polyps in the lower circle the zooids form regular, tongue-shaped areas; among the zooids in the cluster 

 are always found a larger or smaller number of very considerable size. The lower part of the stalk 

 passes rather abruptly into a swelling that is continued into the peduncle without any sharply marked 

 boundary; the upper part of the stalk towards the cluster, passes evenly into a somewhat compressed 

 and widened part (the sheath-formed dilation Dan.); this part again widens rather abruptly into the 



I ) With the exception, however, that the calcareous axis in U. gracilis is said to be cylindrical for a great part of 

 its length. This statement I think to be incorrect, but the exact shape has probably been indistinguishable through the soft 

 tissues. The statement of a complete want of spicules I take to be owing to the fact that the skin of the peduncle has not 

 been examined under sufficiently high magnifying power. 



-') It is perhaps this Umbellula which is mentioned by P. Fischer (1889, 1. c. p. 37) as U. ambigua Marion taken off 

 Bidassoa. The Umbellula found by the «Gazelle>, which Studer (Anthoz. Gazelle, p. 6741 designates as U. thomsoni K6U.?, 

 is perhaps correctly determined, but no description is given of it; it is only said that the two specimens obtained were in a 

 bad state, so that the specific identity could not be made out; the colour was brown in the living state. The locality: west 

 of Africa, io° 12.9' N. Lat, 17° 25.5' W. Long., depth 360 fathoms. 



