ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 81 



Notes on Coniothecium.* — P. van dev Bijk has had occasion to 

 examine Coniothecium clwmatosporum as an apple-blister and apple- 

 cracking disease. He now gives the resnlts of cultural studies of the 

 species. He describes the type of mycelial growth from the spores. He 

 produced in the cultures pycnidia of Phoma Mali, and has demonstrated, 

 as others had done, that Coniothecium is a form genus. Whether all 

 species of Coniothecium are related to Phoma remains to be proved. It 

 is the Coniothecium stage that causes the disease on apple. The author 

 describes the growth of the mycelium, noting the peculiar formation of 

 buds on the mycelium. 



Uredineas.t — W. H. Long records the finding of Peridermium pyri- 

 forme (the fecidial stage of Cronnrtium pijriforme) on Pinus rigida. 

 The fungus causes three forms of disease on pines — one with slight or 

 no hypertrophy on P. divaricata, P. punr/ens, and P. ponderosa var. 

 scopulorum ; a second forming a fusiform swelling ; and a third causing 

 spheroid galls, the latter very like those caused by Peridermium cerebrum. 



A serious disease of the seedlings of Pinus ponderosa was traced by 

 J. R. Weir + to the fungus Peridermium filamentosam. The acidio- 

 spores taken from the Pinus were sown on Castilleja minicata, and pro- 

 duced the Cronartium stage. Advice is given as to dealing with the 

 disease. 



H.S. Jackson § signals the establishment of a species of Rosstelia on 

 a Japanese pear-tree in Oregon. Tlie tree {Pyrus sinensis) grew in the 

 yard of a Japanese family. It was found to be the same as Rmstelia 

 koreansis ; the Gymnosporangium stage was cultivated on Juniperus 

 chinensis. 



Studies in the Physiology of Parasitism. || — W. Brown summarizes 

 his paper (No, i), and the results are as follows : — 1. Two types of 

 enzymic preparations derivable from cultures of Botrytis cinerea are : 

 («) watery extracts of the ground mycelium, and {b) the media in which 

 germination and growth have taken place. 2 The amounts of {a) 

 enzyme and (&) enzyme-retarding substances in the media depend on 

 the density of sowing, age of culture, and nature of medium. An 

 account of these is given. 3. A discussion is given of the bearing of 

 these results on the technique of enzyme extraction, on the one hand, 

 and on the process of enzyme extraction by fungi, on the other. 



Morphological Variations of Fungi due to Environment. f — Elisa 

 Muta and Gino Pollacci find in the study of Coniothyrium tirolense that 

 a change in culture media influences the dimensions and shades of colour 

 of the conidia. In Phyllosticta pirina a change of medium brought 



* Agric. Journ. Sci., xvi. (1916) pp. 649-57 (6 pis. and 2 figs.). 

 t Journ. Agric. Research, v. (1915) pp.^289-90 (1 pi.). 

 X Journ. Agric. Research, v. (1916) pp. 781-5. 

 § Journ. Agric. Research, v. (1916) pp. 1003-9 (2 pis.). 

 li Ann. Bot., xxxi. (1917) pp. 489-98. 



t Bull. R. Accad. Lincei Rome, xxvi. (1917) p. 498-502. See also Bull. Agric. 

 Intell. Rome, viii. (1917) p. 1319. 



March iMh, 1918 G 



