ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 77 



the case of other species, details additional to previous knowledge have 

 ilDeen added where possible, but no full descriptions. Full notes are 

 given as to character of station, with exact localities. Full synonomy 

 IS omitted, but reference is made where possible to a good figure, and 

 to essiccata. 



Algal Associations of San Juan Island." — W. L. C. Muenscher 

 publishes a study of the Algal Associations of San Juan Island. He 

 describes them carefully with the aid of maps and a vertical section of 

 the coast, and concludes that the rocky shores of the island possess a 

 very dense algal flora, whilst the sandy beaches and bays are almost free 

 from algae. From the high-tide line to the Nereoctjsiis beds he distin- 

 guishes five distinct associations : — (1) Eiidocladia, (2) Fiicus, (3) Lira, 

 (4) Laminaria, (5) Zostera. The number of species common to each 

 increases in the lower associations, and the algse are larger. The different 

 groups of algse are not restricted to any definite associations. 



Puget Sound Algse.f — Puget Sound Marine Station issues a fascicle 

 of papers on marine algological work done in Friday Harbour, Washington, 

 in 1916. 



Miss Hurd finds that young NereocysHs plants can accommodate 

 themselves gradually to 5.5 p.c. of fresh water. The rapid elongation of 

 the stalk of this species she states to be due to the low intensity of light 

 in deep water, the growth of the stipes being greatly retarded by strong 

 light near the surface of the water ; and there is no relation between 

 rate of growth and mechanical stretching in the stalk. 



In another paper she shows that the Codium adhserens Ag. of San 

 Juan Islands and Puget Sound is C. dimorphwn Sved., since it has no 

 utricle hairs and has two types of utricles, the one with unmodified end- 

 wall, and the other with thickened, striated end-wall. She believes the 

 different end-walls to be due to environmeut ; the thick-walled type 

 sometimes predominates over the whole thallus, sometimes only around 

 the margin and beneath the lobes, and sometimes is wanting entirely. 



W. L. C. Muenscher enumerates the marine algae of Shaw Island, 

 giving their zonal distribution and relative abundance, and discussing 

 the ecological factors involved. 



Miss Kibbe investigated the parasitic fungus {Chytridium alarium, a 

 new species) that infests Alaria fistulosa in Alaska, but apparently does 

 not attack any other brown alga. 



Miss Karrer throws some light on the metabolism of Nereocystis by 

 means of microchemical reactions. The cell-walls are composed of 

 cellulose and algin. Inorganic substances (Ca, Mg, Na, K, CI, sulphates, 

 carbonates, phosphates, iodine) can be demonstrated in the cell by the 

 methods of Tunmann and Molisch. 



Miss Clark, by methods of titration, found all the thirty-one marine 

 iilgae that she tested to be acid. 



* Puget Sound Marine Station Publications, i. (1915) pp. 59-64. See also 

 Bet. Centralbl., cxxxiv. (1917) pp. 195-6. 



t Puget Sound Marine Station Publications, i. Nos. 17-24 (1916) pp. 185 -248 

 <pls.) See also Bot. Gaz., Ixiii. (1917) pp. 415-17. 



