56 M. C. COOKE ON THE HAIRS OF INDIAN BATS. 



hairs serrated ; scales cylindrical, expanding upwards ; entire at their 

 margins. In balsam the form of the scales is almost obliterated ; medulla 

 distinct and large, occupying one -fifth of the diameter, — (PI. 1, fig. 4 dry, 

 fig. 5 mounted in balsam.) 



8. — Cynoptekus maeginatus. Gi'ay. — (The ' Margin-Eared Cynoptere.') 

 Northern India. — Hairs rather translucent; outline deeply serrated; scales 

 cylindrical, expanding upwards ; entire at their margins; medulla large and 

 very distinct in balsam, occupying two-thirds of the diameter of the hair. 

 In this medium the hair becomes so transparent, that nothing is distinctly 

 visible but a fringed outline and large medulla. — (PI. 1, fig. 8 dry, fig. 9 

 ovlien mounted in balsam.) 



9. — Cynopterus titthcechilus. Horsf. — Has hair identical with that 

 of Cynopterus marginatus Horsf., and both are included by Dr. Gray imder 

 Cynopterus marginatus. 



10. — Cynopterus HoRsrxELDii. <yra?/.—(Horsfield's Cynoptere.) Java. — 

 Hairs translucent, with a serrated outline ; scales rather irregular in size, 

 cylindrical, expanded, with entire margins ; medulla distinct, when mounted 

 in balsam occupying one-third of the diameter of the hair. In this medium 

 the hairs become almost as transparent as those of the last named species. — 

 (PI. l,figr. 6 dry, fig. 7 when mounted in balsam.) 



11. — Cynopterus affinis. <T?-a<^.— Himalayas.— I have not seen the 

 hairs of this species. 



12. — Megaderbia LYRA. Geoffr. — (' Lyre-nosed Vampire.') India gene- 

 rally, (including Megaderma schistacea Hodgs.) — Hairs translucent, with a 

 closely serrated outline ; scales somewhat irregular, cylindrical, expanded up- 

 wards; medulla large and distinct even when examined dry,but becoming more 

 distinct when viewed in fluid or mounted in balsam ; occupying three- 

 fourths of the diameter of the hair. — (PI. l,fiy. 10 dry, fig. 11 mhenmaunted 

 in balsam.) 



13.— Megaderma spasma. fi'eojf.—C Cordate Vampire.') Malay countries. 

 — ^Hairs resembling those of the last species, but more irregular, and with the 

 margin of the scales often oblique. — (PI. 1, fig. 12.J 



14.— Megaderma Hoksfieldii. — Blyth. — Tenasserim provinces. — Hair 

 not examined. 



GEOUP III. 



There is a great difference in the diameter of the hairs from the same 

 animal in the whole of this group. The smaller hairs, which constitute the 

 under-growth, or fur, are very peculiar. Their zigzag appearance, rough, 

 gnarled, or knobbed outline, and gi'eat transparency, render them problems 

 curious enough, but difficult to solve. In this group we encounter the first 

 indication of what have been facetiously termed the ' sugar-paper scales,' 

 somewhat obconic scales, with an oblique margin (fig. 61 d.) resembling the 

 paper cones fabricated by the grocer to contain his ' pound of sugar.' Some- 

 times the side, sometimes the front, and sometimes the back of a series of 

 these scales is presented to the observer, giving him very different appear- 

 ances, and causing the impression of a greater variety than really exists. The 



