ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 729 



The cells attacked show enormous functional hypertrophy and mechanical 

 deformation, but do not subsequently atrophy, nor do their nuclei de- 

 generate. A Microsporidian, Gurleya francottei sp. n., occurs in large 

 numbers in the same region of the alimentary canal as the Gregarine, 

 but the two parasites occupy sharply separated zones, and seem to be 

 mutually exclusive. In the microsporidial zone almost all the cells are 

 crowded with the parasites. The cells become enormous and their 

 nuclei hypertrophy : the apparent hypertrophy of the cell is purely 

 mechanical, the parasites coming to occupy the place of the disappearing 

 cytoplasm. The parasite multiplies by schizogony ; pansporoblasts were 

 also found which give rise to four spores each. The authors also record 

 Crithidia campanulata Leger, situated near the malpighian tubules. 

 Free flagellate forms are described, and also "formes gregariennes," 

 often of peculiar bell shape. This bell shape is due in large part to 

 flattening of the parasite against the intestinal wall in places where it is 

 exposed to the alimentary current. Flagellates attaching themselves in 

 the shelter of folds retain their original orientation. In the posterior 

 region of the mid-intestine numerous long Spirochaetes were observed 

 attached to the surface of the epithelium. These Spirochetes are very 

 like, and are possibly identical with those described by Leger in Chiro- 

 nomus. The appearance they present is not unlike that of a close 

 coating of cilia, and Vignon made the mistake of citing this as a case of 

 vibratile cilia in Arthropods. 



New Trypanosomid in a Nycteribiid.* — E. Chatton describes and 

 figures the first Trypanosomid (Crithidia nycteribise sp.n.) recorded from 

 the intestine of a Nycteribiid. He found it in Cyclopoda sykesi Wood- 

 ward, parasitic on bats {Pteropus medius) from India. Chatton describes 

 only the adult stages of the flagellate, which, with its undulating mem- 

 brane and its blepharoplast situated against the anterior border of the 

 nucleus, agrees with Patton and Strickland's recent diagnosis of the 

 genus Crithidia. He regards it as a true parasite of the insect, the bat's 

 blood containing no forms that could be connected with it. While 

 admitting the convenience of the distinctions drawn by Patton and 

 ♦Strickland between the genera Crithidia and Herpetomonas, Chatton 

 considers that their classification is based on points too variable to be 

 used as generic distinctions. He argues that the development of an 

 undulating membrane depends on the viscosity of the surrounding 

 medium, and that the position of the blepharoplast may be altered by 

 the mode of fixation. Furthermore, Herpetomonads may be Crithidia- 

 like in certain stages of their development, and Trypanosoma lewisi 

 takes on the aspect of a Herpetomonas in cultures. Certain Herpeto- 

 monad-like forms, e.g. Leptomonas ay His Chatton, are drawn out anteriorly. 

 The author thinks it necessary to base the classification of these organisms 

 on characters less recently acquired, and less subject to variation with 

 the surrounding medium. With Alilaire, he has, therefore, revived 

 the genus Leptomonas Kent, for forms without a rhizoplast and with 

 one flagellum ; Herpetomonas sensu stricto has a long rhizoplast. and 

 two flagella united to one another. 



* C.E. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxvii. (1909) pp. 42-4 (10 figs.). 



