716 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Studies of Diptera.* — Ad. Lutz gives a finely illustrated account of 

 the Tabanidse of Brazil and adjacent states, and describes a number of 

 new species. 



Larvae of a Fly in Earthworms.-]-— D. Kerlin discusses the 

 occurrence of the larvge of Pollenia rudis Fab., a common fly, in the 

 body-cavity of Allolobophora chlorotica Sav. As many as four larvae 

 were found in one worm — they are surrounded by leucocytes, which 

 may destroy them. Larva? removed from a worm and placed beside the 

 male genital orifice of another, penetrated in the course of an hour into 

 the seminal duct, and thence into the ccelom. 



Metamorphosis of Muscles in Muscids.J — Charles Perez finds that 

 the exclusively larval muscles disappear entirely and quickly when pupa- 

 tion sets in. They exhibit phagocytosis, as Kowalevsky and Van Rees 

 have shown. The exclusively imaginal muscles are built up during the 

 pupa stage from myoblasts. 



The author § finds that no muscle retains its architecture unchanged 

 from larva to imago. Embryonic myoblasts, originally external to a 

 muscle, coalesce with it and assist in changing it. The importance of 

 these myoblasts differs in different cases. In some abdominal muscles 

 all the middle region persists, and the myoblasts work only at the ex- 

 tremities. The wing muscles are due to powerful bodies of myoblasts, 

 connected with the epidermic primordium of the wing, which divide 

 actively, and coalesce with larval syncytial masses that are of relatively 

 little importance in the final result. 



Insects Injurious to Olives. — Orazio Comes || discusses the best 

 means of dealing with the olive fly, Dams olese, and A. Berlese1[ enters 

 very fully into the same subject. 



Procession Moth in Galicia.** — Antonio Garcia- Yarela describes 

 the ravages of Cnethocampa pitijocampa Cat. among the pines {Finns 

 pinaster Sol.) in Galicia, and discusses the best means of dealing with 

 them. The importance of Ichneumon flies, Braconidse, Chalcididse, and 

 other natural enemies is emphasized. 



Blood of Beetles.tt— A. Ch. Hollande has studied various types of 

 beetles, and finds in the blood, besides lymphocytes and granular leuco- 

 cytes, distinctive " cells with spherules." These are leucocytes, in which 

 the granules exhibit special development, and form spherules. They 

 arise from ordinary leucocytes, and the spherules probably contain 

 ferments. 



Cave Beetles 4 J — Ptene Jeannel reports on the cave-beetles he has 

 found in France and Algiers. From 54 French caves he records 61 



* Zool. Jakrb., 1909, Supp. 10, Heft 4, pp. 619-92 (3 pis.). 



t C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, ixvii. (1909) pp. 201-3. 



% CJomptes Rendus, cxlviii. (1909) pp. 1414-16. § Torn, cit., pp. 1472-4. 



i| Atti R. 1st. Incorag Napoli, vi. (1909) pp. 3-12. 



If Tom. cit., pp. 193-224. **Bull. Soc. fcspafi. Hist. Nat., ix. (.1909) pp. 192-4. 

 tt Arch. Zool. Exper., ii. (1909) p. 271-94 (1 pi.). 

 tj Op. cit., i. ser. 5 (1909) pp. 447-532(8 pis.). 



