ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 51 



summer sores of horses. It is a minute (2 • 5-3 ■ 5 mm. ) Nematode, of a 

 silvery white colour, very refractive, and finely striated Itoth longi- 

 tudinally and transversely. 



Nervous System of Ascaris.*— R. Goldschmidt has studied this in 

 detail in Ascaris lumbricoides and A. megaloc&phaXa. The ganglia in- 

 clude various types of cells— central cells, commissural cells, sensory cells. 

 The following ganglia are distinguishable : cephalic ventral, cephalic 

 dorsal, cephalic subdorsals, cephalic internal laterals, cephalic internal 

 posterior laterals, cephalic external anterior laterals, cephalic external 

 median laterals, cephalic external posterior laterals, commissurals, those 

 of the subdorsal and subventral papillary nerves, and of the lateral 

 papillary nerves. The author goes on to the nerves and their chief 

 commissure the complex nerve ring. His analysis is so detailed that 

 he can literally follow out every nerve fibre in the anterior end of the 

 Ascarid. 



Cystidicola farionis.j — A. E. Shipley has some notes on this thread- 

 worm which lives in the swim-bladder of the trout, and R. T. LeiperJ 

 describes its structure. The eggs have thick shells with a curious tuft 

 of exceedingly delicate filaments, two or three in number, attached to 

 a small cuticular knob at each pole. 



Platyh.elminth.es. 



Crystalloids in Epithelial Cells of PlanariansJ — H. Sabussow 

 describes peculiar crystalloids in the external epithelium of the penis in 

 Sorocelis pardalina Grube and in Planaria armata Sab. In the former 

 they are 4- or G-sided plates and prismatic forms ; in the latter they arc 

 tetrahedral. They are probably albuminoid. Perhaps they serve the 

 same purpose as the chitinous terminal pieces in some Turbellarians. 



History of Nuclei of Yolk-cells in Rhabdoco3lids.||— Paul Hallez 

 studied this in Paravortex. He finds that after the formation of the 

 cocoon the lecithogenous cells, which number about a hundred, become 

 fluid, and the ectolecithin consists of a protoplasmic mass with the nuclei 

 and ergastoplasmic granules of the lecithogenous cells. The ergasto- 

 plasm disappears gradually as the embryos develop and some of the nuclei 

 degenerate. Most of them, however, re-awaken after a period of in- 

 activity and multiply by direct division. The nuclei along with pari of 

 the ectolecithin form the greater part of the epidermis and the intestinal 

 syncytium. 



Cestode Cysts in Flesh of Butterfish.1i— Edwin Linton has ade 

 a study of the cysts of Otobothrium crenacolle, frequent in the flesh of 

 the butterfish (Poronotus triacanthm). He found the adult some . - ars 



* Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., xc. (1908) pp. 73-136 (3 pis. and 22 figs.). 



* Parasitology, i. No. 2 (1908) pp. 190-2. % Tom. cit,, pp. 193-4. 

 § Zool. Anzeig., xxxiii. (1908) pp. 537-47 (6 figs.). 



ij Comptes Rendus, cxlvii. (1908) pp. 390-1. 

 \ Bull. Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, xxvi. (1907); p. 111-32 (2 pis.). 



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