ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 41 



armatures of the different stages of Cassididae, Scliultze come-; to the 

 conclusion that Candeze was right in regarding them principally as a 

 protection against parasitic enemies such as Chalcidse. 



Lucilia as a Parasite.* — Erich Hesse notes several cases where 

 newly dead toads were found to have larvae of Lucilia developing in the 

 head region, and several cases in which the infected toads were alive. 

 He also saw Lucilia laying eggs in a living nestling of the mistle-thrush 

 which had fallen from the nest. 



s 



Mosquito Breeding in Salt- and Fresh-Water .f— Charles 8. Bank 

 finds that Myxomyia ludlowii Theob. in the Philippines breeds in 

 both salt- and fresh-water. The evidence is strong that this mosquito 

 acts as a transmitter of aestivo-autumnal malaria. Altitude (up to 1500 

 metres), has no appreciable influence on its development. There is 

 little hope of ridding a community like Cervantes of this insect, 

 owing to the topographical features which are practically irremediable 

 because of their extent. 



Regeneration of Wing in Flies. i — P. Kammerer has found that in 

 Musca domestica and Galliphora vomitoria amputation of a wing has no 

 result, but tearing of a wing from a newly pupated fly is sometimes 

 followed by regeneration. The new wing is at first homogeneous and 

 transparent, it subsequently gets veins, apparently after the normal 

 pattern. An injury to one wing, or removal of one wing, may be 

 followed by a proportionate reduction of the other wing. 



Chironomid Larvse living in Leaves. — Victor WillemS reports 

 finding in the leaves of Spar g an i urn ramoswn the larvae of Chironomus 

 sparganii sp. n., and of another species, and in the leaves of St rat tote* 

 aloides the larvae of Psectrocladius stratiotis sp. n., and in the leaves of 

 the water-lily the larvae of Chironomus nymphecce sp. n. The first two 

 species are described and named by J. J. Kieffer. || 



Phytoptid Galls of North America. IF— Gr. H. Chadwick has made a 

 descriptive catalogue of 170 North American phytoptocecidia, distin- 

 guishing the following types : the erineum, or shallow dimple (formerly 

 described as fungi), the dimple, the capsule, the pocket, and the poach. 



Abdominal Appendages of Male Dragonfiies.**— 0. S. Thompson 

 discusses the appendages on or adjacent to the sternum of the second 

 abdominal segment. Thev are used for copulation, and are quite 

 different from those at the end of the abdomen that are used for 

 capturing the female and leading her about. The sperm-ducts open on 



* Biol. Centralbl., xxviii. (1908) pp. 753-8. 



t Philippine Journ. Sci., iii. (1908) pp 335-9 (2 pis. and 3 maps). 

 X Arch. Entwickel ,xxv. (1907) pp. 319-60. See also Zool. Zentralbl.,xv. (1908) 

 pp. 631-2. 



§ Acad. R. Belg. Bull. Classe des Sci., No 8 (1908) pp. 697-704 (I pi.). 

 || Tom. cit., pp. 705-7. 



«[ Education Dept. Bull., State of New York, No. 433 (1903) pp. 118-55. 

 ** Tom cit., pp. 249-63 (12 figs.). 



