ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 223 



melmosporum which they professed to be, they were specimens of 

 i 'Inrromyces meandriformis, an underground fungus rare in France, but 

 very common in Silesia, Bohemia, and Galicia. The substituted species 

 is white, but it had been stained black to imitate the true truffle ; it is 

 edible, but very inferior in flavour to Tuber melanosporum. 



Geoglossacea3 of N. America.*— Genera and species of this group 

 of fungi in America, are abundant and varied, and closely related to 

 those of other countries. E. J. Durand has written a monograph based 

 on American forms, and comprising eleven genera. He has been able 

 to describe fresh material in almost every case, and he has also been 

 able to examine the type specimens from the various herbaria of the 

 world. The group falls into two divisions : those with (1) the ascoma 

 clavate or spathulate, and (2) with the ascoma pileate. Colour and 

 spore form serve to distinguish the genera from each other. Durand's 

 observations have confirmed Dittrich's statement, that the young 

 ascomata of Mitrula phalloides and Leotia gelatinosa are covered by a 

 veil, thus giving the hymenium an endogenous origin. He notes the 

 same occurrence also in Microglossum viride, Spathularia velutipes and 

 Cudonia lutea. So far the veil has been demonstrated in five genera. 

 Descriptions of locality and habitat are given, and the systematic part 

 includes full diagnoses of species. 



Contribution to the Study of Endomyces.f — A. Guilliermond 

 undertook a study of Endomyces Jibidiyer, to trace, if possible, the 

 affinity between that fungus and Saccharomycopsis capsularis, one of the 

 yeasts. He cultivated both fungi on carrots, and found that both ' 

 produced a septate mycelium (each cell of the hypha? containing one 

 nucleus), as well as a large number of yeast conidia. After six or 

 eight days, asci were formed on the terminal cells of the hyphae. 

 Lindner had noted frequent anastomosis between the cells of the 

 hyphas. Guilliermond verifies this, and finds that it takes place always 

 before ascus formation. No nuclear fusion was observed ; the anastomosis 

 may be the vestige of isogamic conjugation. Other cytological pheno- 

 mena are described by the author, all tending to confirm this theory of 

 the affinity of the two fungi. 



Erysiphaceae. — E. Mayor J has given many years of study and 

 observation to this order of fungi in West Switzerland, particularly in 

 the Jura. He has found in this comparatively limited neighbourhood, 

 representatives of nearly all the European species. He follows Salmon's 

 classification and grouping. For Erysiphe Polygoni he records eighty- 

 five hosts, for E. chkoracearum, forty-nine. 



E. S. Salmon § records and describes a new species of Cue inula from 

 Gazaland, collected by C. F. M. Swynnerton. It differs from other 

 species in the stouter and larger appendages. 



Indigenous Yeasts of Java.|| — Wild yeasts are plentiful in Java, 

 and are more frequently found on decaying leaves than on fruits. 



* Ann. Mycol., vi. (1908) pp. 387-477 (18 pis.). 

 t Comptes Rendus, cxlvii. (1908) pp. 1329-31. 



J Bull. Soc. Neuchat. Sci. Nat. xxxv. (1908) pp. 43-61. See also Bot. Centralbl. 

 cviii. (1908) pp. G58-9. § Ann. Mycol., vi. (1908) p. 525. 



| Centralbl. Bakt., xxi. (1908) p. 66. See also Bot. Centralbl. cviii. (1908) p. 631. 



