ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 625 



these strange substrata. His list for A'ersailles includes 267 lichens 

 and 15 parasitic fungi. 



Harmand * publishes a further account of the lichens of Portugal. 

 He follows generally the order adopted by Mylander, and gives the 

 locality and habitat for each species. Two new species of Verrucaria 

 are published. A short list of microscopic fungi is added, with one 

 new species of Trpmatosph&ria. 



Composition of a Desert Lichen-nora.t — Bruce Fink bases his 

 ecological notes and observations on a series of lichens collected in the 

 vicinity of the Carnegie Botanical Laboratory. He gives the list, thirty- 

 three in all, most of which were growing on rocks. He gives a general 

 consideration of structure in connection with the power of retaining 

 moisture, and notes the protective coloration provided by dark dots and 

 lines on otherwise light-coloured thalli. Attention was paid to the oppor- 

 tunities for obtaining water by the lichens, but no definite conclusions 

 have been reached on this question : they have no special adaptation for 

 storing water, nor have they organs extending any considerable distance 

 into the soil whereby they could extract moisture. 



Ecological Study of Lichens.! — 0. Clalloe gives first an account 

 of the effect of water and light on lichens, then of the different places 

 where they are to be found — downs, heaths, moors, woods, and stones. 

 No lichens grow on sea-sand ; a few begin to appear on the dunes, 

 Cornicularia aculeata being the pioneer, followed by Cladmia rangiferina 

 and G. uncial is. Peltigera canina frequents sandy soil. The author finds 

 seventeen lichens grow on sand, many of them I 'In, Ionise. Few or none 

 grow on wet moors, but they appear along with Galluna. Woods that 

 Tire too shaded are also destitute of lichens, and none grow under the 

 deep shade of pine-trees, but if these should by chance lose their needles 

 the same lichens appear as grow on heaths. The oak supports the largest 

 number of lichens, sixty-three species having been recorded on it ; many 

 are found also on Fraxinus, Alnus, Betula, and Populus. The author 

 passes in review 138 species of lichens that live on rocks, and notes the 

 conditions in which they are found. 



Amphlett, J., & C. Rea — The Botany of Worcestershire. 

 [List of lichens in the Herbarium, Worcester.] 



Birmingham: Cornish Brothers, 1909, pp. 488-501. 



Kroxfeld, E. M. — Scopoli und die Cetraria islandica. (Scopoli and Cetraria 

 Islandica : a contribution to medicinal botany in Austria.) 



Wien Klin. Wochensclir., xxii. (1909) No. 2, 7 pp. 

 See also Hcchoigia, Beibl., xlviii. (1909) p. 165. 



Lisdau, G. — Lichenes peruviani. 



[List of species from the Andes and the Province Cundinamarca. The 

 lichens were collected by Wederbauer and Pehlke ; four new species are 

 described.] Engl. Bot. Jahrb., xlii. (1908) pp. 49-60. 



See also Ann. My col., vii. (1909) p. 311. 



* Bull. Soc. Bot. France, ix. (1909) pp. 7-14, 27-34, 82-90, 125-31, and 213-19. 



t Mvcologia, i. (1909) pp. 87-103. 



J Dansk. Bot. Tidssk., xxviii. (1901) pp. 285-372 [14 pis. and 200 figs.). See also 



Bot. Centralbl., cxi. (1909) pp. 65-7. 



