ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 619 



Diseases of the Vine.* — E\v. H. Riibsaaiuen has published a well- 

 illustrated pamphlet to inform vine growers as to the diseases they 

 may expect to rind attacking their plants, due either to insects or fungi. 

 Among the latter he describes Peronospora viticola, Oidium Tuckeri (with 

 its fruiting form, Unr inula necator), Glo&osporium ampelophagum, Pseudo- 

 peziza trackeiphila, Scl&rotinia Fucheliana, Cercospora viticola, and Lses- 

 tadia Bidwelli, all of them microscopic fungi that attack leaves, fruits, or 

 twigs. In addition, there are several root-fungi that also do great 

 damage — such as Rosellinia necatrix, a minute form, and, among larger 

 fungi, Phi/phallus impudicus, Gollybia platyphylla, Poria Vaillantii, and 

 some others of less importance. In each case the author describes the 

 appearance of the fungus, and advises the grower how to check it, or, if 

 possible, to eradicate it. The insect pests are also described in the same 

 complete manner. 



Plant Diseases.f — B. Issatschenko undertook a series of experiments 

 to determine the conditions under which a fungus normally a saprophyte 

 would develop into a parasite. He used spores of Aspergillus niger on 

 a series of plants, and found that a moist atmosphere obtained by using 

 a bell-jar, leaves sprinkled with sugar, or leaves covered with honey-dew, 

 were the conditions that enabled the fungus to seize on the living plant. 

 Etiolated seedlings of Zea were infected, while those non-etiolated re- 

 mained sound. 



Th. Wulff \ writes a popular account of fungi noxious to birch wood. 

 Polgporus betulinus kills the trees from the top, and the mycelium lives 

 in the tree some years before the fruiting form is produced. It turns the 

 wood white, while P. fomentarius turns it red. 



F. C. von Faber § gives an account of fungoid diseases of coffee on 

 leaves, fruits, and stems. He describes the fungi in great detail, giving 

 the life-history as far as possible, and advises as to the methods of dealing 

 with them. Stilbella flavida and Mycosphserella coffieicola attack the 

 leaves, while branches and stems are diseased by Rostrella Coffese, causing 

 canker, and Corticium javanicum, which kills the branches, covering them 

 with its felt of mycelium. Hendersonia Coffese, Hemileia vastatrix, a 

 species of Nectria, etc., are also noted as causing damage to coffee plants. 



H. Quanger j) gives some additional information as to the occurrence 

 of Coryiiespora Mazei in Holland. The disease is confined to the leaves 

 of cucumber, and does not attack the fruit. 



P. Magnus % describes a new species of Ramularia on the leaves of 

 Polygala vulgaris, and discovered in South Tyrol by A. Heimerl. The 

 conidiophores emerge from the leaf through the stomata. Ramularia 

 and similar parasitic fungi occur frecpiently in the Tyrol, where alternat- 



* Deutsckes Verlagshaus. Berlin: Bong and Co. (1909) vii. and 126 pp. (3 col. 

 pis. and 41 figs.). 



t Bolezni rostenji (Jahrb. Pflanzenkr.) St. Petersbourg, ii. (190S) pp. 9-12. See 

 also Bot. Centralbl., cxi. (1909) p. 108. 



X Skogvardsf. Tidskr.,'i. (1909) pp. 1-14. See also Bot. Centralbl., cxi. (1909) 

 p. 110. § Centralbl. Bakt., xxiii. (1909) pp. 193-210 (3 figs.). 



ll Tydschrift voor Plantenziekten, 1908, p. 78 (1 fig.). See also Zeitschr. Pflan- 

 zenkr., xix. (1909) pp. 304-5. 



Tf Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xxvii. (1909) pp. 214-22 (5 figs.). 



