ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 381 



to another cell lying below it which detaches itself and becomes a spore. 

 This detached cell is always the last peripheral one of a row of cells 

 specially adapted among the procarpia before the fertilisation. 8. A 

 free sporogenons cell coalesces with a peripheral sterile thallns-cell, 

 undeveloped before fertilisation, which then becomes a spore. The 

 different views of Thuret and Bornet, Clraf Solms, and Schmitz are 

 given. 



Indian Ocean Algae.* — R. Pilger has studied specimens of TrichogJcea 

 Requienii gathered by Voeltzkow on reefs at Sainte-Marie in Madagascar, 

 and gives an account of the growing-point, the ramification, the calcifi- 

 cation, the development of the carpogonia from the fertilisation of the 

 trichogyne to the formation of the spores ; and also the antheridia. 



He also describes f the Coralliuacese gathered by Voeltzkow in the 

 western part of the Indian Ocean, on the coast of Madagascar and the 

 neighbouring islands. There are twelve species, two of which are new. 

 The structure of eight of them is figured. 



Algae of Peru, Chile, and South-west Africa.:}: — R. Pilger gives an 

 account of two small collections of marine algae. The first, brought by 

 Captain Paessler from Peru and Chile, contains twenty-one species, two 

 of which are new, viz. Actinocoecas exul (epiphytic on Rhodymenia), and 

 Nitophyllum Psessleri. The second collection came from German South- 

 West Africa, and contains fourteen species, almost all of South African 

 type. Among them is one new species, Ghsetangium magnificum. 



Mazza, A. — Saggio di Algologia oceanica. (Studies in Marine Algology.) 



[A continuation, in which species of Laurencia, Acanthopliora, and Chondria 

 are described.] Nuov. Notar, xx. (1909) pp. 6-18. 



Fungi. 



(By A. Lorrain Smith, F.L.S.) 



Zygorhynchus Moelleri Vuill. § — P. Wisniewski obtained this 

 member of the Mucorini by culture from garden soil, and made a 

 series of physiological experiments and observations. He obtained both 

 sporangia and zygospores, the latter, he considers, probably from the 

 union of two dissimilar gametes. On a poor substratum, such as distilled 

 water or pure agar, he obtained only sporangia, that is, in conditions 

 that hampered the growth of the colony. With other conditions more 

 favourable to development of aerial hyphaa he obtained zygospores. 



Study of Synchytrium-galls.|| — Hermann Ritter von Guttenberg 

 has made a detailed study of the cells forming the excrescences caused 

 by parasitic Synchytrise. The material examined belonged to the section 



* Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostafrika. III. Stuttgart : Schweizerbartsche Verlags- 

 buchhandlung, 1908, pp. 35-7 (pi.). 



t Tom. cit., pp. 39-48. 



X Hedwigia, xlviiii. (1908) pp. 178-83 (pi.). 



§ Anz. Akad. Wiss. Krakau Math. Nat. Kl., 1908, No. 7, pp. 656-82 (figs.). 

 See also Bot. Zeit., lxvii. (1909) pp. 55-6. 



|| Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. xlvi. (1909) pp. 453-77 (2 pis). 



