388 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



forms of the gooseberry have as yet been found that are immune to the 

 fungus. The only possible method of dealing with it is to burn the 

 whole bush that has been attacked. Eriksson considers that the fungus 

 is not only superficial on the leaves and twigs, but that it invades the 

 host and persists inside the tissues. He compares this with his myco- 

 plasma-hypothesis as interpreted by him in the Uredineae. 



Gooseberry Mildew. *— R. Schander writes a paper on the present 

 condition of this new gooseberry disease in Germany, and he has 

 supplied maps of East and West Prussia covered with black dots to 

 indicate the localities in which it has appeared. He considers that the 

 pruning and removing of all twigs and leaves on which the perithecia 

 of the fungus (Sphaerotheca Mors-Uvse) were found is the best method 

 yet tried to combat the pest. The fungus is disseminated by infected 

 fruits and by the action of wind, insects, and human beings in carrying 

 the conidia or summer spores. The writer himself found that he had 

 carried spores from the laboratory to his own garden. Opinions vary as 

 to the condition of the 1 terries that are attacked : in some cases they are 

 reputed as bitter and unfit for eating or cooking ; in others they were 

 found to be lacking in taste and wanting both in sugar and acidity. 

 As a final advice he recommends rooting up and destroying all the 

 bushes attacked, though he acknowledges that it would be difficult to 

 carry out such a drastic remedy. 



Plant Diseases. — A. Spieckerman,t G. Schneider, J and Josting § have 

 each published an account of black scab in potatoes caused by the fungus 

 known as Chrysophlyctis endobiotka. The disease was notified first in 

 Hungary and then in England, where it has by some authorities been 

 wrongly referred to CEdomyces leproides. Spieckerman reports the disease 

 from "Westphalia, where it has been observed for three years. Schneider and 

 Josting announce its appearance in Dusseldorf and Elberfeld. Potato 

 growers have been familiar with it in the latter neighbourhoods for 

 some years, but lately it has increased considerably. Magnum Bonuin 

 potatoes were specially attacked. Change of crops is recommended on 

 infected ground. The development of the fungus is not fully known. 



Chrysanthemum rust |] has been reported from Limpsfield (Surrey), 

 and apple leaves attacked by the minute fungus Phyllosticta Mali were 

 found at Crewkerne. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture cures the leaves. 

 Septoria Lijcoperski on tomato plants, Tlioma Grossularise on goose- 

 berry, and Ritizoctonia violacea on potatoes were also noted in various 

 localities. In a note on spraying, agriculturalists are warned against 

 spraying when the buds are opening, as the different copper and caustic 

 soda solutions injure the young leaves. 



An exhaustive research by F. C. Stewart and H. E. Hodgkisslf 

 proves that the Sporotrichum bud-rot of carnations and the "silver 



* Zeitschr. Pflanzenkr., xviii. (1908), Beigabe pbytopatb. Dienst. 4, pp. 97-121. 



t Prakt. Blatt. Pflanzenb. Pflanzensch., vi. (1908) pp. 113-16 (2 figs.). 



% Deutscb. Landw. Pr., xxxv. (1908) p. 832 (2 figs.). 



§ Tom. cit., p. 883. See also Bot. Centralbk, cviii. (1908) pp. 632-3. 



|| Journ. Board. Agric, xv. (1909) pp. 752-3. 



i New York Agric. Exp. Stat. Tecb. Bull. 7 (1908) 119 pp. (7 pis.). 



