ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 613 



coiled or remaining irregular and loose ; in many, if not in most cases, 

 there was no antheridium, but when present it was developed at an early 

 stage ; in no case was any fusion observed between ascogonium and anthe- 

 ridium. The ascogonium is multinucleate, and these nuclei fuse in pairs, 

 representing a reduced form of sexuality ; a second fusion takes place in 

 the young ascus. 



Development of Genea Thwaitesii.* — Ed. Fischer writes a paper 

 on the affinities of this interesting Cevlon fun«-us. He finds that the 

 parenchymatous sheath covering the hymenium is formed of the tips of 

 the paraphyses, and, following this clue, he places the fungus among the 

 Pezizaceaa. He compares this epithecial layer with that formed in other 

 Ascomycetes. 



Endomyces.t — W. Dombrowski describes in considerable detail the 

 development of Endomyces fibuliger, the fungus that forms white, 

 chalk-looking spots on bread. The fungus increases by budding, and 

 forms endospores similar to the ascospores of Saccharomyces, but it 

 differs from true yeasts in the formation of considerable mycelium and 

 also in the power of the spores to germinate by producing a filament as 

 well as by budding. The endospores, as a rule, are formed in cells 

 budded off from the hyphas, but occasionally they are formed in inter- 

 calary cells of the filament itself. 



A new species of the genus E. javanensis, which occurred in soil 

 from Java, has been studied and described by A. Klocker.l It differs 

 from E. fibuliger in the form of the spores, which are finely warted. 

 They increase by budding or by a germinating filament. 



A. Guilliermond § also publishes a note on E. fibuliger, comparing 

 and contrasting it with Eremascus f&rtilis. He finds that the two 

 genera are very closely allied, but in Endomyces there is an abundant 

 formation of yeast-cells, linking it to Saccharomyces. He also describes 

 in E. fibuliger an attempt at conjugation : two cells, which he terms 

 gametes, are formed and lie close together, but they never fuse, and one 

 or both become asci. Guilliermond sees in this a vestige of sexuality. 



In another paper || he discusses the phylogenesis of the yeasts. He 

 considers that Saccharomyces and Schizosaccharomyces are derived from 

 a genus akin to Eremascus fertilis. From that ancestor there are two 

 branches : one represented by Endomyces Magnusii and the Schizo- 

 saccharomycetes, the other by Endomyces fibuliger, Zyyosaccharomyces 

 and Saccharomyces. 



Byssochlamys nivea g. et sp. n.f — Rich. Westling describes this 

 new Ascomycete which he found growing on plants that had been kept 

 in methylated spirits. There was first a vigorous growth of mycelium 

 with chlamydospores, and at a later stage asci. The chlamydospores 

 resemble those of Endomyces decipiens, the conidiophores those of 



* Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xxvii. (1909) pp. 264-70 (1 pi.). 

 + C.R. Lab. Carlsberg, vii. (1909) pp. 247-66 (10 figs.). 

 t Tom. cit., pp. 267-72 (3 figs.). 

 § C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxvi. (1909) pp. 925-7. 

 ii Tom. cit.. pp. 998-1000. 

 t Svensk. Bot. Tidssk., iii. (1909) pp. 125-37 (1 pi.).. See also Ann. MycoL, vii. 

 (1909) pp. 306-7. 



Oct. 20th, 1909 2 T 



