ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 459 



Number of Segments in Muscid Larvge.* — J. Pantel discusses the 

 divergence of opinion as to the number of segments in Muscid larvae. 

 Some say that there are twelve, others that there are thirteen. Using 

 the musculature and stigmata as guides, the author concludes that in 

 addition to the pseudocephalic or buccal segment which supports the 

 chief sensory papillae, there are in the trunk proper eleven segments, 

 four for the thorax and seven for the abdomen. 



Braula and Thaumatoxena.f — C. Borner makes a detailed com- 

 parison of these two primitive genera, both parasitic, Braula adapted 

 to living in the nests of bees, Thaumatoxena in those of termites. He 

 makes a family for each genus, and points out that they are marked off 

 from Pupipara by the flattening of the head — -not dorso-ventrally, but 

 from side to side — and by the absence of a hypopharynx, which all 

 Diptera possess. 



Endogamy in Termites. % — Nils Holmgren admits that an exact 

 proof of endogamy is wanting, but he has made observations that 

 favour the view that it occurs in Eutermes chaqimnayensis. 



Morphological Character of Tracheal Gills. § — C. Borner has studied 

 the tracheal gills of Ephemerids, and comes to the conclusion that they 

 are of the nature of appendages. The facts of development, as stated 

 by Heymons, points to the appendicular nature of the tracheal giils, 

 and Borner shows in detail how this is borne out by the skeletal parts, 

 the musculature, and the supply of trachea?. 



Reproduction of Phasmid33.|| — J. Pantel and R. de Sinety discuss 

 the parthenogenesis that has been observed in isolated female Phasmids. 

 In species with numerous males it has hitherto been found that the 

 parthenogenetically produced offspring are all females. 



But in an experiment with a species of Dixippus, the authors found 

 that two males were produced, though most of the eggs developed into 

 females or came to nothing. One of the females in the brood showed 

 masculine characters in the posterior part of the body — a distinct 

 gynandromorphism. The phenomena reported, of which we have given 

 a sample, are very interesting, but there is evidently great need of more 

 observations before conclusions are drawn. 



Studies on Thysanura.f — F. Silvestri establishes several new 

 Lepismid genera — HeteroJepidella, Petalonyrhia, Atopatelura, Pseudatelura, 

 Mesonychograpliis, CryptocephaMna, all rnyrmecophilous or termitophilous, 

 and describes various new species of Lepisma, Japyx, etc. 



S. Arachnida. 



Lymphoid Glands in Scorpion.** — Iwan Sokoloff has studied in 

 Scorpio indicus a pair of " lymphoid glands " which He behind 



* Comptes Rendus, cxlviii. (1909) pp. 233-6 (1 fig.), 

 t Zool Anzeig., xxxii. (1908) pp. 537-49 (9 figs.) . 

 % Biol. Centralbl., xxix. (1909) pp. 125-8. 

 § Zool. Anzeig., xxxiii. (1909) pp. 806-23 (4 figs.). 

 || Comptes Rendus, cxlvii. (1908) pp. 1358-60. 



f Boll. Lab. Zool. Scuola Agric. Portici, ii. (1908) pp. 359-97 (24 figs.). 

 ** Zool. Anzeig., xxxiii. (1908) pp. 497-503 (8' figs.). 



