500 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



perature caused the formation of zones in the pileus. Colour and pore 

 formation depended greatly on light ; no pores were developed in the 

 dark. 



Saccharomyces in Sake.* — R. Nakazawa has described in great 

 detail two yeast-forms that he isolated from fermenting; sake, and 

 subjected to a series of culture tests. These two yeasts, which he has 

 named Saccharomyces Tokyo and S. yedo, differ chiefly in the way they 

 form giant colonies on wort-gelatin. Spore-form was the same in both, 

 but with a slight difference in size. 



Wood-destroying Fungi. f — J. Schorstein has followed in general 

 the process of wood-destruction by fungi, and has also described some of 

 the more important species. He challenges the correctness of Falck's 

 determination of Merulius species. He adds a table of the more im- 

 portant wood destroyers, with the size and colour of the spores, as well 

 as the particular habitat of each, as verified by his own and Bresadola's 

 researches. 



Edible Fungi.f — A description is published of Lepiota procera, the 

 Parasol Mushroom, one of the most abundant and generally distributed 

 of edible fungi. It grows in open glades in woods, on heaps of leaves, 

 etc. It is recommended as the most dainty of our edible species. 



Fungi of Southern France.§ — J. Lagarde has made an ecological 

 study of the fungi at Aigonal in Lozere. He divides the territory into 

 four districts : — 1. The bottom of the valleys and along the water- 

 courses on cultivated land, where he finds Lepiota procera, Marasmius 

 oreades, Gopriivus comatus, etc., etc. 2. Woods of chestnut and oak, 

 which cover the mountain up to a height of 1050 metres ; there, in 

 addition to some of those noted, are various species of Amanita, TricJw- 

 loma, Lactarius, Russula, Boletus, Polyporus, etc., that grow more 

 particularly on humus or on wood. 3. Above the chestnut zone of 

 trees there are pine woods with a somewhat different flora, and, in 

 particular, a number of different species of Boleti. 4. Beech woods, 

 which grow higher up the mountain than the chestnut zone, and thus 

 secure the maximum of moisture. Cryptogams are abundant in these 

 forests ; ferns, mosses and lichens form a large part of the soil growth, 

 and large numbers and varieties of fungi are also found on the ground 

 or on wood. Further notes are given as to habitat, and a list of all the 

 fungi found at Aigonal. 



Underground Fungi in Russia. |] — Fedor Bucholtz publishes a 

 second contribution on this subject. He describes the circumstances 

 under which many of his collections were made and the localities where 

 the fungi were found. The number recorded for Russia previously was 

 24 species and 3 varieties ; by his researches he has increased that 



* Centralbl. Bakt., xxii. (1909) pp. 529-40(8 figs.). 



f Zeitschr. Ing. Arch. Ver., 1908, Nos. 45-6 (fig.). See also Hedwigia, xlviii. 

 (1909) Beibl., pp. 107-8. 



X Joum. Board. Agric., xv. (1909) p. 839 (1 col. pi.). 

 § Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, xxiv. (1908) pp. 197-220. 

 || Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat., 1907, No. 4 (1908) pp. 431-92. 



