ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 47 



Excretion Crystals in Amoeba. — A. A. Schaeffer {Proc. Amer. Soc. 

 Zool. in Anat. Record, 1919, 15, 34:7). Nearly all species contain visible 

 crystals, usually in a vacuole, nearly always optically active, differing 

 specifically, of uncertain chemical composition, probably excretory but 

 not excreted, either remaining permanently or undergoing solution. 



J. A. T. 



Entamosba histolytica. — D.'Ward Cutler {Parasitology, 1919, 11, 

 127-46, 1 pi. 1 fig.). The changes that the nucleus undergoes pre- 

 paratory to division, and the behaviour of the karyosome during division, 

 are fully described. The nuclei originally described as characteristic of 

 two species, E. histolytica and E. tetragena, are phases of nuclear change 

 in the life-history of the same animal. An account is given of the 

 nuclear division and the cyst-formation. The chromatoid bodies are not 

 comparable with the chromidia of other Rhizopods. Reasons are adduced 

 for the suggestion that during the further development of the cysts 

 quadrinucleate amceba? emerge, which divide to form four small 

 amoebulEe. Degeneration in E. histolytica is described, and the view of 

 Darling, that budding phenomena are degenerative, is confirmed. 



J. A. T. 



Respiration in Paramecium. — E. J. Lund {Proc. Amer. Soc. Zool, 

 in Anat. Record, 1919, 15, 34:6). Feeding a starving individual with 

 yeast or yolk of egg increases the rate of COo production two or three 

 times. This acceleration of the oxidations occurs in the absence of cell- 

 division. It is suggested that the acceleration of the oxidations sub- 

 sequent to fertilization in the Echinoderm egg may be due to the yolk 

 becoming available for assimilation by the living protoplasm of the egg, 



J. A. T. 



Spirochsete of Infectious Jaundice in English Rats. — A. C. Coles 

 {Parasitology, 1918, 11, 1-9, 1 pL) Out of 100 common rats {Mas 

 decwnaiius) killed in or near Bournemouth, nine contained in their 

 kidneys Spirochatta icterohsemorrhagise, which causes infectious jaundice. 

 In one case there was a short, rigid, and thick spirochete, which may be 

 jS. morsus muris, the organism of rat-bite fever. J. A. T. 



Trypanosomiasis of Camels. — W. L. Yakimoff and Others 

 {Parasitology, 1918, 11, 35-80, 3 pis.). An account is given of the 

 trypanosome of camels in Russian Turkestan. It can infect many 

 mammals and some birds. The course of the disease is acute in mice, 

 rats, and dogs ; sub-acute in guinea-pigs, rabbits, and horses ; chronic 

 in sheep and large cattle. The parasite approximates to the general type 

 of the Nagana and Surra trypanosomes. Multiplication is by longi- 

 tudinal fission. J. A. T. 



Indian Myxosporidia. — T. Southwell and B. Prashad {Records 

 Indian Museum, 1918, 15, 344-8, 1 pi.). A description is given of the 

 cysts and spores of Myxololus rohitae sp. n., 3L sent sp. n., M. modularis, 

 from Indian fishes, and also of a species of SjJserophora with rounded 

 bicapsulate spores. J. A. T. 



