ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 73 



Blossom Wilt and Canker of Apple-trees. — This disease, due to 

 Monilia, has been investigated by H. Wor]vl4.ld {Ann. App. Biol., 1917, 

 3, 159-204, 3 pis.). It has caused great loss to growers in the south- 

 east of England. Infection takes place through the open flowers which 

 are wilted ; the fungus then penetrates into the tissue of the flowering 

 spur, which it kills ; it may also reach the branch and produce a canker. 

 Monilia conidia are produced on these dead spurs during winter and 

 spring, and reinfect the blossoms. The fungus is probably identical 

 with M. cinerea Bon. It may be kept in check by cutting out the 

 diseased spurs and cankers. A. L. S. 



"Wither Tip" of Plum-trees. — This disease is also due to J/omto, 

 and an account of it has been published by H. Wormald {Ann. App. 

 Biol., 1918, 5. 2H-59, 3 pis.). The fungus is morphologically similar to 

 31. cinerea, which causes "blossom wilt" of apple-trees, but must be 

 considered as a " biologic form," as the results of infection are not the 

 same. As with the above, Wormald advises the careful destruction of 

 affected twigs, branches, etc. A. L. S. 



Disease due to Cytospora. — W. N. C. Belgrave {An7i. App. Biol., 

 19ir), 2, 183-94, lU figs.) has investigated the recurrence of this fungus 

 on plum-trees in Cambridgeshire causing die-back. The first sign of 

 disease is the withering of the leaves, usually progressing from the top 

 of the trees downw^ards. The pycnidia appear in crater -like swellings of 

 ,the bark. The spores were isolated and grown in pine cultures, pycnidia 

 being successfully reproduced. The fungus is nearly related to, if not 

 identical with, Cytospora leucostoma. No further stage was observed. 

 Belgrave gives an account of the effect produced in the tissues by the 

 fungus. A. L. S. 



■■&' 



Disease of Carnations. — This has been investigated and described 

 by P. A. VAN DER BiJL {Ann. App. Biol., 1916, 2, 267-91,4 pis.). It 

 is known as "wilt" or " crow'n-rot," and is caused by a Fusarlum. 

 Culture experiments were carried out successfully, and great attention is 

 paid to means of combating the disease. A. L. S. 



Lichens. 



Lichenolog-y in Great Britain. — A. Lorrain Smith {Trans. Brit. 

 Ml/col. Soc, 1918, 6, 32) publishes a statement intimating that the 

 Mycological Society has decided to associate the study of Lichenology 

 with that of Fungology. The Society invites lichenologists to become 

 members, and so advance the study of lichens by collecting during the 

 annual forays and by publishing papers on the subject. A. L. S. 



Monograph of British Lichens. — Part I. of the Catalogue of 

 British Lichens has been rewritten by A. Lorrain Smith {British 

 Museum {Natural History), 1918, xxiv and 520 pp., 71 pis. and figs.). It 



