ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 69 



Production of an Anthracnose-resistant White Marrow-bean. — 

 Walter H. Burkholder {Phytopathology, 1918, 8, ;553-9) describes 

 his experiments and results, wbicli were successful in obtaining a strain 

 of beans resistant to the attack of Golletotrichum lindemuthianum . The 

 fungus attacks the pods of Phaseolus vulgaris. A. L. S. 



Relation of Fungi to other Organisms. — A. Lorrain Smith 

 (Trans. Brit. 3Iycol. Sec, 1918, 6, 17-31) discusses this question in her 

 Presidential Address. The relationsliips may be saprophytic, parasitic 

 or symbiotic. The latter was the last to be recognized, and is to be 

 found in Mycorrhiza and in Lichens. Examples of many different types 

 of association are cited. A. L. S. 



Infection and Immunity. — In a paper by S. P. Wiltshire {Ann. 

 App.BioL, 1914-1.5, 1, 335-50, 4 pis.), a study is made of the apple- and 

 pear-scab fungus, Veniuria. The fungus gains entrance to the host by 

 means of appressoria, which pierce the cuticle of young leaves or fruits. 

 Wiltshire has discussed the questions of infection and immunity. He 

 finds that the fungus simply eats its way through the cuticle till it 

 arrives at the epidermal cell, and flourishes there if the host is suscep- 

 tible to attack. The cell-sap he considers may be in all cases antagonistic 

 to the fungus, but more so in immune species^ A. L. S. 



New Tannery Fungus. — Toichi Asai {Joiirn. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. 

 Tolcyo, 1918, 39, N. 7, 1-42, 2 pis., 7 figs.) has isolated from tanneries 

 in the neighbourhood of Tokyo a deleterious fungus which he has deter- 

 mined as Mycoderma tannica sp. n. After describing the fungus, he 

 gives an account of cultures in various solutions, and of its properties ; 

 he also gives lists of other fungi that are common in tanneries. 

 Mycoderma tannica makes a dark rusty permanent stain on sole-leather. 

 It also destroys the tannin in the factories. A. L. S. 



Absorption of Gold by Fungi. — Maud Williams {Ann. Bot., 

 1918, 32, 531-4) has undertaken a research on the power of certain 

 fungi to develop in colloidal gold solutions and to v.ithdraw the gold 

 contained therein. She was successful with Penicillium yfaiicum and 

 Oidium lactis. During growth the metal was removed from the 

 solution and retained in such walls as are not cuticularized. A. L. S. 



Geographical Distribution of Citrus Diseases.^ — Some important 

 fungus diseases are not co-extensive with the areas where the host is 

 cultivated. H. S. Fawcett {Johns Hopkins Univ. Circidar, 1917, 3, 

 190-3) has instituted an examination of the problem of distribution 

 with regard to Citrus diseases, instancing especially those due to 

 Phomopsis. Experience so far points to the importance of temperature 

 at certain seasons of growth ; the soil or the climatic conditions may 

 equally hinder or favour the development of the fungus at critical 

 stages. A. L. S. 



Relation of Temperature to Growth of Fungi in Cultures. — 

 This question has been studied by H. S. Fawtbtt {Johns Hopkins 



