ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICKOSCOPY, ETC. 35 



along a line which may be called the marginal suture. To facilitate the 

 removal of the covering of the eye in moulting, dorsal facial sutures 

 appeared independently in several distinct lines of descent. Taken as a 

 whole the facial suture is composite, being made up of a new dorsal 

 portion intimately associated with the eye, and an anterior portion 

 which is probably a section of the marginal suture. The posterior 

 section of the mai'ginal suture seems to have been completely replaced 

 functionally by the newly instituted line running behind the visual area. 

 The whole of the marginal suture was liable to be resuscitated in forms 

 which, like Trinuchus, became blind secondarily, and thus had no 

 special use for a dorsal suture. J. A. T. 



a. Insecta. 



Male Genital Apparatus in Lepidoptera. — R. Standfuss {MT. 

 Scliweiz. Entomol. Ges., 1914, 12, 201-10). The gripping apparatus 

 and the penis have extraordinarily constant specific characters and may 

 be relied on for purposes of classification. They are thoroughly specific 

 except in a relatively small number of cases where the same male appa- 

 ratus appears to be present in several distinct species. J. A. T. 



Accessory Genital Parts in Lepidoptera. — L. Eeverdin (3fT. 

 Schweiz. Entomol. Ges., 1917, 12, 405-9). Besides androconial scales 

 on the wings and special hairs on certain limbs, there may be in the 

 vicinity of the external genitalia of Lepidoptera special brushes of 

 filaments, prolongations of the last segment, certain glands, eto. They 

 seem to be more frequent in males than in females. In Thanaos and 

 some related genera the females have a peculiar accessory apparatus of 

 unknown function. In males of Danais and Eiiplcea there is an eversible 

 bundle of fine odoriferous filaments ; in Didonis biblis and some species 

 of Eurythela there are analogous glandular structures. Some Satyridte 

 have an " organ of Jullien," consisting of a bundle of chitinous rodlets 

 inserted on a lateral diverticulum from the tergite of the eighth ab- 

 dominal segment, and in Ageronia there is an analogous structure. 

 Fritz Miiller suggested that it may be sound-producing. In some 

 Nymphalidse, e.g. some species of Grenis and Eunica, there are similar 

 chitinous rods, but the function in all cases remains doubtful. 



J. A. T. 



Olfactory Sense of Lepidopterous Larvae. — N. E. McIndoo {Proc. 

 Amer. Soc. Zool. in Anat. Record, 1919, 15, 344-5). Rapid reaction to 

 odoriferous substances is proved for many caterpillars, and the sense is 

 referred to olfactory pores which were found in thirty species. The 

 average number was sixty-nine. They were invariably found on 

 epicrauium, frons, antennae, mouth-parts, trochanters, and tibias, and 

 often on other parts. J. A. T. 



Effect of Light on Vanessa antiopi. — W. L. Dolley, Jun. {Proc. 

 Atner. Soc. Zool. in Ajiat. Record, 1919, 15, 345-6). Experiments 

 show that at certain flash-frequencies the stimulating effect of inter- 

 mittent line on this butterfly is greater than that of continuous light of 



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