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ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 17 



the development of which he has carefully followed. He found that a 

 daily watering of the substratum was a great aid to growth, and the 

 peculiar characteristics of the fungus became thus more evident. 

 Chenautais finds reason to associate with it as synonymous A. HolmsTcjohlii, 

 nwdi.A.crustaceus ; the former has, however, somewhat large spores, and 

 might rank as f. major. He gives also diagnoses and descriptions of 

 Fithyella hamata sp. n. and Hycdinia Ulicis sp. n. A. L. S. 



Scandinavian Taphrina Species. — An exhaustive study of thi 

 group has been published by B.j. Palm {Arkiv Botcmik. K. Svensk. 

 Vet., 1917-18, 15, No. 4, 1-41, 9 figs.). In the introduction there is a 

 histological and general account of the genus. In the systematic portion 

 of the paper he divides the genus into a number of sub-genera (formerly 

 reckoned as genera) — (1) Taphrinopsis, species that grow on ferns ; (2) 

 Eutaphrina, species on Ulraace^e, Betulacete, Fagace^ and Salicaceie ; 

 (3) Euexoascus, species on Rosacea : (4) SadeheckieUa, species on Acer. 

 Palm has added four new species to the sub-genus Taphrina, three of 

 them on Betula, one on AInus. A synopsis of species is published 

 under each sub-senus. A. L. S. 



o~ 



Contribution to the Knowledge of the Mycelium of the Genus 

 Volkartia. — The genus Volkarfia was founded by Rene Maire on 

 Taphrina rhsetica. A second species, V. umheJUferaram, grows on 

 Heradeum Sphondi/lium. A study of the parasite has been made by 

 G. V. BuREN i3JiU. Xaturforseh. Gesell Bern, 1917 (191G), H^^Sl, 

 1 pi., 9 figs.) with a view to determine the method of over-wintering. 

 He has found that the mycelium is perennial in the root-stock of the 

 hosts, and from thence passes into the young plants. The fungus does 

 not seem to do much harm to the plants attacked. A. L. S. 



An Account of some Observations upon the Life-history of Phoma 

 citricarpa McAlp. — This fungus causes the " Black-spot " disease of 

 Citrus fruits in Australia, and was first described by McAlpine in his 

 " Fungus Diseases of Citrus Trees in Australia." Xew observations and 

 records have been published by G. P. Darnell-Smith (Proc. Linn. Soc. 

 N. S. Wales, 1919, 43, 818-82, 7 pis.). Under the heading " General 

 Symptoms of the Disease " he describes the attack on the leaves of the 

 Citrus, generally followed later by spotting of the fruit, and always on 

 the sunny side of the tree ; this he traces to the effect of too much sun- 

 light or heat upon the rind, which destroys in some way its inhibiting 

 power. Culture experiments were successfully undertaken and are fully 

 described. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture controls the disease, and 

 need not be undertaken till the fruit is half-grown. A. L. S. 



Index to American Species of Phyllosticta. — P. J. Anderson 

 [Mycotogia, 1919, 11, 66-79) supplies a list of species and of hosts that 

 have been published since the issue of Ellis and Everhart's " North 

 American Phyllostictas." He gives references to the literature, and 

 occasionally explanatory notes. There are now 1900 American species 

 of Phyllosticta. A. L. S. 



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