ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 287 



Bracket Fungi of Citrus Trees.— {Rep. Agrk. Dept. Dominica 

 (1917-18), 1919, 11-3.) The mycologist of the Department reports 

 that fuagfal damage of the lime is largely due to bracket fungi, 

 which gain entrance to the tree by any wound due to accident or to 

 pruning, etc. It destroys the dead wood, and also in time attacks the 

 living cells, but the rate of growth depends on the state of the host-tree. 

 He recommends attention to soil, clearing away of all dead branches, 

 and painting over exposed parts. A. L. S. 



Occurrence of Oak-mildew on Beech in Britain. — A. D. Cotton 

 {Trans. Brit. Mi/col. Soc, 1919, 6, 198-200). The writer gives a short 

 account of the finding and naming of this fungus. It is now generally 

 referred to Mlcrosphsera Alni, though Griffon and Maublanc hold that it 

 is a distinct species, M. afphitiodes. The fungus is very common on oak ; 

 very rarely is it found on beech. The writer reports finding it at 

 Sevenoaks in July, 1918. It occurred on shoots from stumps of felled 

 trees. Only very young leaves are susceptible. A. L. S. 



Phytophthora Faberi Maubl. : The Cause of Coconut Bud Rot in 

 the Philippines. — Otto A. Reinking {Philippine Journ.Sd., 1919, 14, 

 131-51, 3 pis.). A study of this disease has been carried out to 

 ascertain definitely if it were due to FhytopMhora or to bacteria that 

 are always associated with it. Many bacteria were isolated from the 

 diseased tissues, but all were saprophytic except one which resembled 

 Bacillus coli, and which was able to set up rot in healthy cells. The 

 tuithor farther proved by culture experiments that Bacillus coli isolated 

 from man or horse may produce disease in plants. The fungus however 

 was proved to be the agent that caused the rot : the bacteria in the 

 majority of cases are always secondary, but are concerned with 

 destroying the weakened tissues. FhytopMJiora Faleri has been 

 found to cause black rot of cacao pods, canker of cacao, fruit rot and 

 canker of Hevea rubber, and rot of papaya fruit. It grows readily also 

 as a saprophyte, on dead portions of coconut, cacao and papaya. 

 Eecommendations for combating this widespread and virulent disease 

 in tropical lands are appended. A. L. S. 



" Brown-rot " Diseases of Fruit-trees : with Special Reference to 

 two Biologic Forms of Monilia cinerea. — H. Wormald {Ann. Bot., 

 l'J19, 33, 361-404, 2 pis.). The author has studied experimentally 

 the rot that attacks the fruits of apple and plum, due to fungi that 

 enter by wounds or abrasions and develop rapidly within the tissues. 

 The more important of these predatory fungi are species of Monilia, a 

 genus of Hypljomycetes. The author gives a history of what has been 

 known of these fungi, and he describes various outbreaks of disease 

 caused by them in this country. Full accounts of inoculation and 

 culture experiments are given. A general discussion of the results is 

 reserved for a future paper. The conclusions are : that in this country 

 two distinct species, Mon'dia frucUgena and M. cinerea, occur on fruit- 

 trees ; that each species has two biologic forms distinguislied by the 

 effects produced on apples ; and that of the two forms of M. cinerea^ one 



