ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 291 



category they place the cephalodia which contain an alga other than that 

 constituting the normal gonidia of the lichen concerned. They describe 

 the growth of these cephalodia, more particularly the endotrophic forms, 

 and draw the general conclusion that the lichen owes its peculiar for- 

 mation to the action of the alga on the hyphae of the fungus. The 

 larger part of the thallus would be in their view the equivalent of a gall, 

 "" an algo-cecidium, a generalized biomorphosis." A. L. S, 



Vegetation of Conglomerate Rocks of the Cincinnati Region. — 

 In an account of the succession of vegetation on a bare rock surface, 

 Lucy E. Braun {Plant World, 1917, 20, 380-392 ; see also Bryologist 

 1918, 21, 93) gives the first place as colonizers to lichens. She 

 groups these lichens under Lecidea sp., Fertusaria communis, Stan- 

 rot hele umlrina, Verrucaria muralis and Placodium citrinum. These 

 with the xerophytic moss Grimmia apocarpa (of minor importance) form 

 the first succession. In the second stage Dermatocarpon miniatum 

 practically covers the surface, the plants of next importance being a 

 gelatinous lichen, Omphalaria sp. A few mosses are more prominent at 

 this stage, and in shady spots the sterile lichen, Amphiloma lanugimsum. 



A. L. S. 



Studies of Lichen Structure and Development. — An important 

 paper on various aspects of lichen development has been published by 

 O. GALL0E {Danslc Bot. Arkir, 1913-15, 1, No. 3, 1-99, 240 figs.). 

 The author discusses distribution as affected by climate, etc. He then 

 gives a sketch of the relations of lichens to habitat. He gives special 

 attention to the formation, function, and distribution of haptera, and to 

 the organs of attachment in fruticose types. A. L. S. 



Mycetozoa. 



Mycetozoa found during the Selby Foray.— Gulielma Lister 

 (Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc, 1919, 6, 88-91). A descriptive account is 

 given of the country and of the conditions that prevailed during the 

 week's foray in September, 1918. Recent rains had left the surface of 

 the ground and the heaps of leaves in a moist condition, and a total of 

 fifty-two species were collected, among them the very rare Lycogala 

 Jiavofuscum and CoUoderma oculatum, the latter only once before found 

 in Yorkshire. A. L. S. 



Michigan Collection of Myxomycetes. — A list of these collected 

 during August in two summers has been prepared by H. C. Beardslee 

 {Nineteenth Report, Mich. Acad. Sci., 1917, 159-62). Explanatory notes 

 are published in connexion with a number of the species. A. L. S. 



Myiomycete from Madagascar. — Under this general heading 

 N. Patouillard {Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, 1918, 34, 86-7, figs.) has 

 described a new genus and species of Plasmodiophoraceae, Tremato- 

 phlyctis Leptodesmiae. It appears on the stem and leaves of Lepto- 

 desmia congesta. On the stems it causes pustules, each containing a 

 variable number of sori ; the leaves are thickened and fleshy ; the 



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