ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 51 



Pupai were taken 5 to 6 hours after pupation, and subjected three 

 times a day for six consecutive days to half-hour periods of cold. The 

 results were aberrations exactly like the natural aberrations, e.g. in the 

 occasional absence of the eye-marking on the under sides of the wings. 

 The upper surfaces were not affected. 



Pigment of Silk of Antheroea yana-mai.* — J. Villard states that 

 the green colour of the silk of this insect is not chlorophyll as had 

 been alleged. In common with the latter, its spectrum has a band of 

 absorption in the red, which, however, is given by a blue element which 

 can be extracted by boiling alcohol. 



Metamorphosis of Insect Larvae.f — J. Dewitz reports on many 

 new experiments which he has made confirmatory of his thesis, that in 

 the colour-changes and form-changes associated with metamorphosis an 

 enzyme in the vascular fluids plays a very important role. 



Regeneration of the Anterior End of the Body in Pupae of 

 Lepidoptera.* — Jan Hirschler has made some remarkable experiments 

 with pupa3 of Thais polyxena, Bombyx lanestris, Satumia pavonia, and 

 Samia promethea. He removed the head, neck, and the most anterior 

 pirt of the thorax. Much of the content of the pupa flowed out, and 

 this was covered with melted paraffin, so that the wound was closed to 

 the outer world. 



The wound closed itself from within by an accumulation of finely 

 granular debris of fatty, muscular, and other elements. A second pro- 

 tection, a special scar-tissue, was thereafter formed, mainly from the 

 epithelial layer of the tracheae Thirdly, the hypodermis grew round 

 to the centre of the wound. 



Thereafter the hypodermis formed by an evagination, a sensory 

 organ in the form of a papilla or club, or fork or rosette. 



The gut and the glands remained blind ; no stoinodamm was formed, 

 nor any brain. The first of the remaining ganglia sent branches into 

 the new structure. There was abundant regeneration of muscle. 

 Noteworthy, throughout, Avas the almost complete absence of mitotic 

 division. 



Two New Cave-Beetles. § — J. Midler describes Apholeuonus pubes- 

 cens and A. taxi, two new species from Dalmatian caves. They stand 

 somewhat apart from the previously reported A. /nidus described by 

 Apfelbeck, and the author thinks they require a sub-genus, which he 

 calls Hcvplotropidius . 



Antennary Sense-Organs of Tryxalis nasuta.||— Ernst Rohler finds 

 that the large broad antennas of this Orthopteron have very numerous 

 s.'iisory structures, etc. There are sensory cones lying in pits (Schenck's 

 smsilla cmloconica), and short hairs projecting on the surface (Schenck's 

 sensilla basiconica). There are also long pointed seta3 whose sensory 

 character was not demonstrated. The peculiar broadening of tin' 

 antenna' affords room for the many hundreds of sensory structures, and 

 the male has far more than the female. 



* Coniptes Rendu?, cxxxix. (1004) pp. 165-6. 



t Zool. Anzeig., xxviii (1!)04) pp. 1U6-S2. 



t Anat. Anzei^r , xxv. (1904) pp 417-H5 (5 figs.). 



§ SB. Akad. wiss. Wien, cxii. (1003) pp. 77-00 (1 pi. aud 4 figs.). 



|| Zool. Anzeig., xxviii. (1904) pp. 188-02(4 figs.). 



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