42 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



processes, one of which is prominent in muscle, and is responsible for 

 the final oxidation of explosive material, while the other, which is more 

 accentuated in glands, is akin to a building-up process, as it is involved 

 in the elaboration of new material. 



Outlines of Zoology.* — R. Latzel has prepared a fourth revised 

 edition of a class-hook which has had wide and prolonged favour in 

 Germany, Graher's " Leitfaden der Zoologie." It is a terse and accurate 

 synopsis of the general characters of the various classes of animals, 

 somewhat too all-embracing and informative to be educationally inspiring, 

 but of service, doubtless, as an index reritm in association with more 

 vital studies. It is very copiously illustrated, and the coloured plates 

 are admirable. 



Eyes of Vertebrates.! — 0. Schnaudigel takes an interesting com- 

 parative survey of the eyes throughout the Vertebrate series — discussing, 

 for instance, peculiar cases like eyes of cave animals and deep-sea fishes, 

 and indicating the chief structural differences observed in a comparison 

 of lenses, accommodation-apparatus, and retina in various types. 



The Mammalian Cribrum.J — W. Blendinger has investigated this 

 structure in a series of Mammals. In origin it consists of lateral, more 

 or less vertical folds, the cribral sacs. On the embryonic cribrum there 

 arise three main side sacs, pro-, meso-, and metacribrum, the entrance to 

 which is perpendicular to the main axis of the nasal canal. In later 

 stages of growth two intermediary sacs are added, the epi- and para-- 

 cribrum. The growth of all the five continues in a lateral and dorso- 

 ventral direction ; the posterior end of the entrance to each is flanked 

 by an olfactory torus. These are termed endoturbinal tori ; the corre- 

 sponding sacs are distinguished as pro-, epi-, etc., turbinals. The form 

 of the sacs is, in varying degrees in different species, further complicated 

 by homologous side pockets, bursa-dorsalis, -externa, and -ventral is, 

 which again form secondary niches. Between all the side spaces arise 

 cartilaginous and ossifying partitions, the endo- and ecto-turbinal 

 lamella?. The sinus maxillaris is a product of the procribrum, the other 

 pneumatic hollows arise partly out of the procribrum and partly from the 

 other cribral sacs. The paper is accompanied by historical and critical 

 observations by Dr. A. Fleischmann. 



Whalebone Whales of Western North Atlantic.§ — V. W. True 

 discusses these in a memoir, the size of which is worthy of the subject. 

 The conclusions reached are :— (1) that the species in the Western North 

 Atlantic are the same as those in the Eastern North Atlantic ; (2) that 

 these are the Bowhead, or Greenland Right whale {Baloma mystketus), 

 the Black whale (B. glacial is), the Humpback (Megaptera nodosa), the 

 Sulphurbottom (Balc&noptera musculus), the common Finback (B. 

 physalus), the Little Piked whale (B. acato-rostrata), and probably the 

 Pollack whale (B. borealis) ; (3) that the range of the Humpback extends 



* Graber's Leitfaden der Zoologie fur hohere Lehranstalten. Bearheitet von, 

 Dr. Robert Latzel. 4th revised edition, Svo. Leipzig (1901) 232 pp., 474 figs.,. 

 4 coloured plates, and a map of distribution. 



+ Ber. Senckenbert:. Nat. Ges. 1903, pp. 187-202. 



* Morpbol. Jahrb., xxxii (1904) pp. 451-504 (2 pis). 



§ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, xxxiii. (1904) pp. 1-332 (50 pis.). 



