ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 95 



Lichens. 



Observations on Endosaprophytism in Heteromerous Lichens.* 

 -A. Elenkin has been following out his researches on this subject in 

 Lichens of the genera Lecidea, Acarospora, and Endocarpon. He traces 

 the " nekrale zone " which consists of dead and living gonidia in the 

 various Lichens examined. He finds cases where tbe fungus pierces 

 the living algal cell. Mostly the hypha; penetrate the disorganised or 

 empty sheaths of algae. He finds also occasionally hyphae in unaltered 

 gonidia. The author is unwilling to consider these hyphaa as haustoria ; 

 he thinks that these outgrowths induce the destruction of the gonidia 

 •the cell-wall of which has been gradually destroyed by a ferment. 



In a previous paper f more particularly devoted to the subject of 

 haustoria in the gonidial cells, he discusses the matter, and arrives at 

 .."the same conclusion. He found Lecidea atro-brunnea a suitable Lichen 

 for study. Both papers are in Russian. 



•Elenkin, A. — Notes Lichenologiques. Le detriment occasione par les lichens a 

 des arbres a feoilles acicnlaires. 



[The writer thinks that the trees are killed by the enveloping 

 foliaceous lichens.] 



Extrait der Bull. Jard. Imp. bot. St. Petersbourg, 

 iii. (1903) 6 pp. See also Bot. Centralbl, 

 xcvi. (1904) p. 409. 



„ „ Notice preliminaire snr la recolte des lichens pendant le voyage 

 dans la Russie centrale en 1903. 



[The writer collected 300 species during his journey.] 



Op. cit., iv. (1904) 10 pp. See also 

 Centralbl. Bakt., xcvi. (1904) pp. 409-10. 



„ „ Pilocarpon lencoblepharnm (Nyl.) Wain., comme representant des 

 lichens epiphylles dans le Caucase. (Russian.) 



[The species grows in Europe on the branches and needles of 

 Pines. In the Caucasus it grew on the leaves of the Box.] 

 Op. cit., iii. (1903) 8 pp. See also 

 Bot. Centralbl, xcvi. (1904) p. 410. 



■„ „ La distribution des Lichens aux Saian. (Russian.) 



[The writer gives the forms that are to be found at different 

 elevations.] S. A. T. XXX V. der Mittheilungen der 



St. Petersburger naturforschende 

 Gesetlscha/t, 1904, 8 pp. 

 See also Bot. Centralbl, xcvi. (1904) p. 409. 

 ,, „ Les especes remplacantes (II.) (Russian.) 



[An account* of the forms in Siberia that replace the forms 

 common in Europe.] 

 Bull. Jard. Imp. Bot. St. Petersbourg, iii. (1904) 13 pp. (2 pi.) 

 See also Bot. Centralbl, xcvi. (1904) p. 409. 



„ „ Lichenes Florae Rossiae et regionum confinium orientalium. Fasci- 

 culus II. 



[An account of 50 lichens belonging to various genera, with 

 critical notes on many of the species.] 



Acta Petrop., xxiv. Fasc. i. (1901) p. 1-118. 

 'Fink, Bruce — Further notes on Cladoniae iii. and iv. 



[The writer deals in tlie two papers with CI furcata and CI. verticillata.~\ 



Bryologist, vii. (1904) pp. 53-8 (1 pi. and 2 figs.); pp. 84-8 (1 pi.) 



• Bull. Jard. Imp. Bot. St. Petersburg, iv. (1904) No. 2, 15 pp., 4 figs, and 2 pla. 

 See also Bot. Centralbl., xcvi. (1904) pp. 392-3. 



t S.A. Mitth. St. Petersburgen Naturf. Ges., xxxiv. (1903) 8 pp. 



