ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 89 



-experiments with the two latter fungi, and finds they are stages of one 

 plant. He describes the different forms of fructification, macrospores, 

 pycnidia and conidia. The resting stage is characterised by the appear- 

 ance of pycnidia and of small sclerotia-like, dark coloured clumps of 

 hyphae without any fructification. 



Distribution of the Musk fungus (Moschuspilz).* — B. Schorler 

 recounts the history of the various appearances of this fungus — a hypho- 

 mycete — in conjunction with other fungi, green algae in various waters, 

 usually where impurities have been added from factories, etc. Schorler 

 considers it to be a form of Nectria aquceductum. It requires a certain 

 amount of oxygen for its development, and thus it appears most generally 

 where purification of the water has commenced by the renewed growth 

 of green algae. 



Uromyces on Leguminosae.f — Ernst Jordi has made many experi- 

 ments on the forms of Uromyces to be found on various Papilionaceae. 

 For Uromyces Fabce he distinguishes four biological forms confined to 

 different hosts : (1) on Vicia Faba and Pisum sativum ; (2) on Vicia 

 Cracca, Pis urn sativum and Vicia hirsuta ; (3) on Lathy r us montatius ; 

 and (4) on Lathyrus vermis. He confirms the opinion of Plowright that 

 Uromyces Ervi grows only on Vicia hirsuta. Other experiments were 

 conducted with U. Hedysari obscuri, U. Pisi and U. Astrayali. The 

 latter he proved to be hetercecious ; the aacidia grow on Euphorbia 

 Cyparissias. He found also that U. Astrayali includes three distinct 

 species. Diagnoses of the various species are given. 



Diagnostic Value of the Capillitium of Tylostoma.J — L. Petri has 

 examined and compared a large number of authentic specimens, and 

 points out the characters of the capillitium that may prove of service in 

 diagnosing the species. These characters are the colour of the filaments, 

 their dimensions, articulation, and thickness of wall. An account is 

 given of each species, and lists are drawn out recording in tabular form 

 the facts noted. The capillitium of nearly all the species examined is 

 •figured. 



Fruit Decay caused by Fungi.§ — A. Osterwalder gives an account 

 of the various filamentous fungi that attack stored fruit and quickly 

 induce rottenness. In addition to the well known forms of PeiiiciUium, 

 Monilia, etc., he finds Fusarium putrefaciens, hitherto undescribed. 

 The fruit perishes from the inside outwards, the tissue is dried up, and has 

 a bitter taste. The writer describes fully the different cases of rotten- 

 ness caused by other fungi, and he gives details of cultures with 

 Fusarium. 



Injury due to Frost followed by Fungi.|| — P. Sorauer enumerates 

 a number of fungus forms, Clodesporium, Alternaria, Ascochyta, etc., that 

 are to be found everywhere, but that do not attack plants unless they 



• Abhandl. Naturw. Ges. Iaie in Dresden, 1903, Heft i. Seealso Centralbl. Bakt., 

 xi. (1903) pp. 352-4. 



t Centralbl. Bakt., xi. (1904) pp. 763-95 (37 figs.). 



I Ann. Mycol., ii. (1904) pp. 412-38. 



§ Centralbl. Bakt., xiii. (1904) pp. 207-13, 330-8 (2 pis.). 



II Landw. Jahrb., xxxii. (1903) pp. 1-68. See also Centralbl. Bakt., xi. (1903) 

 ipp. 362-3. 



