220 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



fusion never takes place between the spores. On germination they 

 sometimes, in addition to the germinating tube, put out a small bud 

 which looks somewhat like a fused spore. In 8. Ludwigii he finds 

 undoubted conjunction of spores and fusion of nuclei ; conjugation 

 constantly taking place within the ascus before its walls have broken 

 down. In &. Johannisberg ii. and S. Saturnus, conjugation may take 

 place between two spores before germination, but there are frequent 

 cases of germination from single spores representing parthenogenesis. In 

 8. Johannisberg ii. the two nuclei do not fuse until the united spore has 

 begun to germinate. 



Diseases due to Cladosporium.* — G. D. Ippolito finds that the 

 dark-coloured spots on seeds of wheat are due to Cladosporium herbarum. 

 The epicarp and the underlying starch-sheath are attacked. On the 

 germination of the seeds, the mycelium of the fungus grows with the 

 embryo, and causes yellow spots on the stem. 



The same author | found Cladosporium Pisi infecting the hulls of 

 peas. It pierces the epidermis, and lives as a saprophyte on the tissue 

 which it has destroyed. 



E. Lasnier % also publishes some notes on a disease of peas due to 

 Cladosporium herbarum. He finds that the peas are small and deformed ; 

 the mycelium enters by the funicle, and the invaded tissues become 

 brown. A similar fungus has been recorded as CI. Pisi, but the author 

 sees no morphological difference between that fungus and CI. herbarum. 

 It is usually considered to be a saprophyte, but in this case, as in some 

 others, Cladosporium is a true parasite. In artficial cultures, the Hormo- 

 dendron form was produced with branching conidia at the apex of the 

 conidiophore. 



Disease of Larch.§ — C. A. J. A. Oudemans describes a fungus 

 disease of Larch which affects the leaves, covering them over by its 

 growth, closing the stomata, and interfering with assimilation, causing 

 the leaves to become brown in colour. The fungus forms minute fruits, 

 consisting of brownish spores growing in chains, and forming compact 

 pustules. It differs from the neighbouring genera Trimmatostroma and 

 Exosporium in having no stroma, and has been placed by the author in a 

 new genus, Exosporina, with the specific name Laricis. 



Isaria forms of Penicillium.||- — P. Vuillemin disapproves of the 

 grouping of ill-defined species in the genus Isaria. He finds that Isaria 

 destructor, which has been placed by some authors in Oospora, is really a 

 form of Penicittium. It is a parasite on insects, and should be known 

 as P. anisoplece. The writer makes notes on P. Priardi, also parasitic 

 on insects, and previously classified as Isaria trunrata. 



* Stazioni sperim. Agrar., xxxvi. (1903) pp. 1009-14. See also Centralbl. Bakt. 

 xiii. (1904) p. 779. 



t Sul Cladosporium Pisi Cug. e Maccb.. 9 pp., Trani. 1904. See also Centralbl. 

 Bakt xiii. (19i)4) p. 779. 



% Bull. Soc. Mvcol. Franee, xx. (1904) pp. 2:!0-8 (1 pi.). 



K. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, yi. C1904) pp. 498-501 (1 pi.). 

 Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, xx. (1904) pp. 214-21 (1 pl.)-1 



