ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 323 



method leads upward, offering at every point opportunity for develop- 

 ment, and showing, even in the unicellular organisms, what must be 

 •considered the beginnings of intelligence (objective) and of many other 

 qualities found in higher animals. Tropic action doubtless occurs, but 

 the main basis of behaviour is in these organisms the method of trial 

 and error. 



New and little-known British Freshwater Rhizopods.* — James 

 €ash describes from Mid-Cheshire and Essex a number of interesting 

 Rhizopods : a naked reticularian form, Penardia mutabills g. et sp. n. ; 

 •an Arcellid with central digitate and lateral more elongated and acicular 

 pseudopodia, Difflugiella apiculata g. et sp. n. ; besides Amoeba pilosa sp. n., 

 Jlastigamocba aspera F. E. Schulze, Gymnoplirys cometa Cienk., and Vam- 

 pyrella fl'abellata sp. n. 



Longitudinal Division in Opalina ranarum.f — H. Schouteden re- 

 cords the occurrence in Opalina of division lengthwise. The process 

 goes on comparatively slowly, a gradually deepening furrow appearing 

 first ; when this has almost divided the animal, the two halves swim 

 sharply apart, and the bridge between tears with a snap. The whole 

 process was observed, and is not to be regarded as a case of conjugation. 



Trypanosomes and Haemogregarines of Teleosts.J — E. Brumpt de- 

 scribes several new species of these from Gobius, Callionymus, Cottus, etc. 

 There are two distinct types of Trypanosome, one resembling that of 

 the skate, the other that of the mammals, particularly of the rat. 



Culture of a Frog's Trypanosome in a Leech.§ — A. Billet finds that 

 Trypanosoma inopinatum of the green frog of Algeria thrives well in 

 the alimentary canal of the leech Helobdella algira, which often occurs 

 ■on the frog. The Trypanosome is rare in the frog, but forms of Dre- 

 panidium are common — yet Drepanidium is not found in the leech. It 

 is suggested that there may be a metamorphosis of the Drepanidium 

 into the Trypanosome, just as Schaudinn has described the transfor- 

 mation of Hcemogregarina ziemanni into a Trypanosome. 



Haemoflagellates in Teleosteans.|| — C. Lebailly finds Trypanosoma 

 p!atess(B sp. n. and Hcemogregarina platessce together in Platessa vul- 

 garis, and two similar pairs, also new species, co-existent in Flesus 

 vulgaris and Platophrys Interna. The occurrence of the two forms in 

 one host is to be considered in relation to the researches of Schaudinn 

 and Billet on the probable relationship of the two types. 



Anisogamy in Gregarines.^f — L. Brasil observes that in Urospora, 

 sand very probably in Gonospora, two kinds of gametes exist, that con- 

 jugating gametes are unlike, and that each of the two associated 

 Gregarines give rise to only one kind of gamete. 



Hsemosporidia of Rana.** — J. H. Stebbins, jun., has found in the 

 blood of Rana catesbiana several forms of Hicmogregarina catesbiance, 



* Jonrn. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) xxix. (1904) pp. 218-25 (1 pi.). 

 t Zool. Auzeig.. xxviii. (1905) pp. 468-9. 

 % Coinptes Rendus, cxxxix. (1001) pp. G13-15. 

 § Tom. cit., pp. 574-6. || Tom. cit., pp. 576-7. 



% Arch. Zool. Exp., iii. (1905) pp. 17-3S (1 pi). 

 ** Tr;ms. Amer. Micr. Soc, xxv. (1904) pp. 55-62 (2 pis.). 



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