ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 441 



in Fishes, Schistocephalus nodosits, Tricenophorus nodulosus, Abothrium 

 rugowm, etc. There is a remarkable parallelism between this and the 

 Antarctic fauna, and a bipolar distribution of the Cestodes is.recognisable. 



New Helminths.* — 0. v. Linstow describes, mostly from mammals, 

 several new species of Helminths. An interesting form is Tetrarhynchus 

 Jluviatih sp. n., from a thick walled cyst in the connective tissue of 

 Malapt&rurus ehctricus from the Nile. The scolex measured 0*^5 mm. 

 long and posteriorly 0*088 mm. broad ; there are four long oval suckers 

 and four proboscides, which appear to be without bulbs. The genus in 

 its sexual phase is marine, occurring in sharks and rays, and the Malap- 

 terurus must occasionally leave the Nile for the sea and there be infected. 



Anatomy, Development and Habits of Geonemertes agricola.| — 

 W. R. Coe gives a general account of the anatomy and fuller particulars 

 of the development and habits of this terrestrial Nemertean. The species 

 occurs at several places on the Bermuda Islands, but is known only along 

 the shores of mangrove swamps and on the adjacent hillsides. The 

 worms do not burrow, but lie beneath stones ; they are very hardy, and 

 survived immersion in salt water for several weeks without food or 

 change of water. They can live in comparatively dry earth without 

 injury ; they cannot live in fresh-water alone, although they survive its 

 addition to the soil or salt water in which they may be placed. This 

 species has probably arisen directly from a marine ancestor. 



North American Nemerteans.J — W. R. Coe publishes an account 

 of the Nemerteans of the West and North- West Coast of North America. 

 The data are obtained from a study of a large number of collections from 

 many localities, and include an anatomical and histological survey with 

 special reference to the Pacific coast species, notes on development and 

 geographical distribution. A systematic account of the genera and 

 species with descriptions of new forms, together with keys to the groups 

 and species, is also included. 



Incertee Sedis. 



Position of Rhabdopleura.§ — A. Schepotieff directs particular atten- 

 tion to the three segments of this interesting type — (1) the head-shield, 

 (2) the neck portion from which the lophophore arises dorsally, and (3) 

 the oval trunk portion, to the endodermic notochord and to the branchial 

 grooves. He gives an account of the whole structure of the animal 

 based on his own investigations, and also describes the stages in the 

 development of the buds. He believes that Rhabdophura and Cephalo- 

 discus are nearly related, that Brachiopods and Chastognatha are also 

 related to both, and that Rhabdophura has more remote affinities with 

 Phoronis and the Bryozoa on the one hand, and through the Entero- 

 pneusta with Echinoderms and Chordates on the other. In short, 

 Rhabdophura and Cephalodiscus are primitive " Trimetamera." 



• Centralbl. Bakt. Parasitenk., xxxvii. (1904) pp. 678-83. 



t Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xxxi.(1904) pp. 531-70 (3 pis.). 



X Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harvard, xlvii. (1905) pp. 1-320 (25 pis). 



§ Zool. Anzeig., xxviii. (1905) pp. 795-806 (7 figs.). 



