ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 459 



sporogonium with the stem of Ferns. In particular he has studied the 

 succession of segments cut off from the apical cell and their subsequent 

 •divisions ; and" also the formation of the sheath of parenchymatous 

 tissue which surrounds the spores in the adult capsule. The material 

 studied was Funaria hygrometrica and Bryum nutans. He shows in 

 ■detail and with figures how the amphithecium and endothecium arise ; 

 and how in the former the subsequent differentiation is centrifugal, the 

 outermost layer corresponding to epidermis being the last to be differ- 

 entiated ; and the innermost and oldest layer corresponds to the endo- 

 dermis. The differentiation of the endothecium, on the other hand, is 

 centripetal, its outermost and oldest layer being the sporiferous layer. 

 The endodermis layer subsequently divides centripetally into three, and 

 forms the outer spore-sac ; and the layer outside it splits and forms air- 

 spaces. The endodermis of fern-stems is comparable in that it retains a 

 generative activity, employed in the formation of lateral roots, and in 

 the stolons of Nephrolepis it splits into two or three layers. The epi- 

 dermal layer in both the moss-sporogonium and the fern-stem is so 

 slowly differentiated off that it is not comparable to the epidermis of 

 Phanerogams. 



Nematode Galls in Mosses.* — V. Schiffner has already published 

 some information on this subject, and in the present paper he adds the 

 result of further study. Professor Matouschek had found Nematode 

 galls only on pleurocarpous mosses ; those, excepting Pterigg nan drum 

 Jiliforme, were all hygrophilous species. The present author finds similar 

 galls formed plentifully on Dicranum longifolium, D. montanum, D. sco- 

 parium, D. majus, and Hypnum cupressiforme. He is of opinion that 

 the Nematode in question is Tylenchus Davainii Bast., or a nearly allied 

 new species ; and he is sure that the animal is not by any means par- 

 ticular as to the species of moss it attacks, but is passed on to any moss 

 in the immediate neighbourhood. He also shows that the galls are not 

 formed on the fertile shoots, as has been supposed, since in Hypnum 

 cupressiforme they occur even on the apex of the main stem. He 

 describes the galls themselves and their effect on the growth of the 

 affected moss-plant. 



New and Rare Scottish Mosses.f — J. Stirton publishes detailed 

 descriptions of the following six new or little known British mosses 

 gathered by himself at various times in Scotland : — Plagiothecium 

 Kinlayanum, Gampylopus pergrarilis, Ceratodon vialis, Baroida limosa, 

 Ulota scotica, Isothecium per simile ; and adds brief notes on 14 other 

 rare species collected in the Island of Skye. 



Scottish Hepaticse.J — S. M. Macvicar publishes numerous additions 

 to his census of Scottish Hepaticas of 1904. There are 368 entries, 

 arranged under the respective counties in which the plants were found. 

 The largest contribution, 45 species, is from the Clyde Isles. Five are 

 .additions to the British flora — Nardia Breidleri, Lo2)hozia guttulata, 

 Odontoschisma Macounii, Kantia sphagnicola, Scapania paludosa ; and 

 three more are new to Scotland. 



* Hedwigia, xliv. (1905) pp. 218-22. 

 t Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1905, pp. 104-8. J Tom. cit., pp. 108-16. 



