ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 585 



glands ; the cloaca has gills ; there are copulatory spicules ; the cloacal 

 ducts have no appendices. The author also discusses the radula of the 

 Solenogastres, " polystichous " in Proneomenia, Dondersia, Proparamenia, 

 and Macellomenia, " distichous " in Paramenia, Ismenia, Lepidomenia, 

 Echinomenia, Dinomenia, Cyclomenia, and Kruppomenia. The " poly- 

 stichous " types include the following forms : — polyserial, with or without 

 a basal membrane (Proneomenia sluiteri and P. vagans) ; biserial (P. 

 australis) ; monoserial (Dondersia /estiva) • double comb-like or pectinid 

 (Proparamenia bivalens) ; simple comb-like or pectinid (Macellomenia 

 palifera). The possible relationships of these types are discussed. 



Morphology of a Solenogaster.* — Harold Heath gives an account 

 of Limifossor talpoideus, a burrowing Solenogaster from Alaska. One 

 of the interesting facts which he brings out is that, while all external 

 traces of the foot have disappeared, yet a space in the ventral somatic 

 muscles, the overlying pedal sinus, and perhaps a few gland-cells in the 

 anterior end of the body, point to its former existence. The author 

 discusses some of the objections raised against the inclusion of the 

 Solenogastres among Molluscs. He emphasises with Plate the necessity 

 of using typical members of a group in instituting comparisons and of 

 laying especial stress on the broader features of their organisation. 

 Highly modified Solenogastres do indeed exist, and even in the more 

 primitive forms many characters are without a counterpart elsewhere. 

 Nevertheless as Wiren, Pelseneer, Plate, and others have maintained, the 

 relations of the nervous system, gonad, pericardium, and ccelomoducts 

 are sufficient to stamp the Solenogastres as true Molluscs, and for the 

 present at least to confine them within the class Amphineura. 



Kidneys and Gonads of Haliotis.f — R. J. Totzauer finds that the 

 two kidneys are independent ; that the rudimentary left kidney has its 

 opening on the left side of the rectum, without a special efferent canal 

 as the right one has ; that the left kidney has a reno-pericardial com- 

 munication as the right one has. The gonad has a special duct com- 

 municating with the reno-pericardial duct of the right kidney and thus 

 with the efferent canal, but there is before this another communication 

 between the genital duct and the right kidney, as Tobler has observed 

 in Parmophorus. 



Salivary Secretion of Snail. $ — A. Gorka has studied the physio- 

 logical properties of the salivary secretion of Helix pomatia. The pure 

 secretion has an alkaline reaction, is free from glycogen, and contains 

 mucin, amylolytic and glycolytic ferments, and invertin. The gland 

 stores up a great quantity of glycogen. 



5. Lamellibranchiata. 



New Sensory Organ in Nucula. §— Fred Vies describes in Nucula 

 nucula a paired sensory organ — an epithelial ridge situated at the base of 

 the labial palps, and innervated by a relatively large short nerve from 

 the cerebral ganglia. 



* Zool. Jahrb., xxi. (1905), pp. 703-34 (2 pis. and 1 fig.), 

 t Jenaische Zeitschr. Naturwiss., xxxix. (1905) pp. 525-50 (3 pis.). 

 % Allatt. Kozlem Budapest, iii. (1904) pp. 211-36 ; see Zool. Zentralbl., xii. (1905) 

 pp. 304-5. § Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxx. (1905) pp. 88-90 (2 figs.). 



