736 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



draws attention to tlie great similarity between Arctic, Alpine, and 

 Antarctic lichens. More records are needed before a complete under- 

 standing of these floras can be attained. 



Lichenology for Beginners.* — J. Le Roy Sargent publishes No. III. 

 of his papers explaining the structure and growth of lichens. He 

 describes the principal forms assumed by the thallus, and the algae that 

 enter into relationship with the fungus. He then gives an account of 

 the various forms of fruit, and instructs the student how to examine the 

 spores. 



Bruce Fink f also gives a paper on the same subject, especially on the 

 microscopic study of Lichens. An account is given of the parts of the 

 fruit, the apothecium, the disk, and the exciple. Other special structures, 

 such as rhizoids, cilia, cephalodia, and cyphellaj, are described. The 

 object of the paper is to call attention to the many features of Lichen- 

 morphology which may be observed in the field with the aid of a 

 hand-lens 



Development of Lichen Fruits.J — Gertr. P. Wolff has followed the 

 development of the apothecia in a number of Lichen types : Graphis 

 elegans, Stereocaulon Paschale, Gladonia gracilis, G. degenerans, and 

 G.furcata, Xanthoria parietina, Ramalina fraxinea and Lichina confinis. 

 In Graphis elegans carpogonia and trichogynes were constantly found, 

 and numerous spermogonia. The trichogyne rises above the burst 

 epidermis of the tree on which the lichen is established, and of which the 

 vegetative development is entirely hypophlceodal. In Stereocaulon the 

 apothecium was found to be of purely vegetative development. The 

 carpogonia groups of hyphae were reduced, and no sexual formation was 

 present. In the species of Gladonia examined the sexual organs were 

 found to be present, as also in Xanthoria and Ramalina. They were 

 also presumably present in Lichina, but were not satisfactorily 

 demonstrated. 



Bloomfield, E. N.— Lichens of Norfolk and Suffolk. 



[A list of Lichens collected by the compiler and quoted from various 

 authorities.] Trans. Norfolk and Norwich Nat. Soc, 1904-5, pp. 117-37. 



Zahlbruckneb, A. — Flechten, im Hochlande Ecuadors gesammelt von Prof. D. 

 Hans Meyer im Jahre 1903. (Lichens collected by Prof. D. Hans Meyer in the 

 high lands of Ecuador in 1903.) 



[A number of new species are described ; the list contains 42 species.] 



Beih. Bot. Centralbl, xix. (1905) pp. 75-84. 



SchizopGayta. 

 Schizomycetes. 



Origin of Natural Immunity towards the Putrefactive Bacteria.§ 

 R. Greig Smith has endeavoured to show : — (1) That there is a close 

 analogy or identity between the production of bacteriolytic bodies and 

 the digestion of food. (2) That bacteria do traverse the intestinal wall, 

 and that negative experimental results regarding the same are untrust- 



• Bryologist, viii. (1905) pp. 81-6 (17 figs.). f Tom. cit., pp. 86-90. 

 t Flora, xcv. (1905) pp. 31-57 (22 figs.). 

 § Proc. Linn. Soc, N.tS.W., 1905, p. 149. 



