134 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



begin to undergo retrogression and disappear. In these cells the 

 ehondrionie shows disintegrative phenomena which lead on to a fragmen- 

 tation of the chondriokonts and the gradual disappearance of the 

 residual granules. In the degeneration of the other cell- structures, the 

 chondriome is also destructively affected, undergoing rupture or solution. 



Taste-buds of Rabbit's Tongue.* -- Martin Heidenhain describes 

 the minute structure of the papilla foliata of the rabbit, a pear-shaped 

 or oval area with about sixteen ridges. Each ridge has a very variable 

 median lamella of connective tissue and two approximately constant 

 lateral lamella;. The taste-buds in a series on each side of a ridge com- 

 municate with the epithelial grooves between the ridges. The buds are 

 embedded in the layered flat epithelium of the buccal cavity, and to 

 each there extends a minute canal from the surface. This canal ends 

 in a slight enlargement or ampulla at the outer end of each bud. The 

 bud consists of covering cells and sensory cells connected by intermediate 

 forms. The basal cells described by Hermann in the depths of the bud, 

 are elements of the indifferent intergemmal epithelium. The buds are 

 mostly arranged in the sensory area in transverse rows, perpendicular to 

 the surface of the tongue ; they vary greatly in size ; all the largest 

 have two or three pores. During development division-processes seem 

 to occur, so that one bud becomes two, and the buds with several pores 

 are fixed stages in the process. 



Ganglion Cells in Palatine Tonsil of Man.f — Gaspare Alagna 

 calls attention to the presence of ganglion cells associated with a nerve 

 branch in the palatine tonsil in man. 



Nerve Cells in Human Epidermis. $ — Gosta Haggqvist describes 

 much -branched cells in the epidermis and at the boundary-line between 

 corium and epidermis. They probably correspond to the cells of 

 Langerhans. From the cells between the connective tissue and the 

 epidermis numerous processes extend into the epidermis and branch there 

 repeatedly. Some of the branches are connected with other branched 

 cells : some end freely between the epithelial cells. The cells forming 

 a second row beyond the corium boundary may be connected with a 

 third row. They perhaps represent a primitive set of epidermic 

 sensory cells. 



Scleral Cartilage of Urodela.§ — Fr. Stadtmuller discusses in a 

 preliminary paper the occurrence and significance of scleral cartilage 

 elements in Urodela. He expresses the view that the state of the 

 scleral cartilage is influenced by the conditions of life. Thus it persists 

 in permanently aquatic forms, such as Proteus, Menobranchus, Siredon, 

 Cryptolranchus, and Mmopoma (which sometimes goes on land for a 

 short time). It is variable in the typically amphibious Amblystoma, 

 Typhlomolge, and Triton. It is absent, according to Eigenmann, in the 



* Anat. Anzeig., xlv. (1914) pp. 385-405 (16 figs.). 

 t Anat. Anzeig., xlvii. (1914) pp. 283-5 (2 figs.). 

 I Anat. Anzeig., xlvii. (1914) pp. 285-8 (3 figs.). 

 § Ber. Nat. Ges. Freiburg, xx. (1914) pp. cvi-cvii. 



