ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 171 



red clover (Trifolium pratense), which he describes as Botrytis anthophyla. 

 The mycelium of the fungus permeates the plant and spreads by means 

 of the seed. It does not seem to damage the vegetative part of the 

 plant, but the anthers are damaged, and there is a loss of germinative 

 power. The seeds harvested from diseased plants are smaller, but the 

 percentage of germination is high. 



A. S. Home *b has written a critical review of the principal potato 

 diseases in Great Britain. They are caused by Synchytrium endobiotkurn, 

 wart disease, Phytophthora infestans, the potato blight, and a Fusarium 

 disease or dry rot caused by F. Solani ; lastly, canker or powdery scab 

 due to Sponyospora Solani. All these are of considerable importance, 

 and the methods of treating them are dealt with. 



Celery leaf-spot disease f is due to the fungus Septoria Petroselini 

 var. Apii. It is carried by the seed, so that the seedling is already 

 infected when it appears above ground. The disease does not pass to 

 other plants but is always propagated by the use of infected seed from 

 diseased plants. 



L. Ravaz J states that the Black Rot of grapes caused by the fungus 

 Guignardia Bidwellii has appeared in Spain, in the province of Yalentia, 

 where the grapes were almost entirely destroyed by the disease. Hitherto 

 the disease has only been reported in France. 



H. E. Morris § has studied and observed apple seal) in the State of 

 Montana for several years. It is a common disease wherever apples are 

 grown, and is caused by Venturia insequalis, the conidial stage of which 

 is Fuskladium dendritkum. Morris found the fungus on twigs as well 

 as on the fruits ; and he considers it to be distinct from the pear scab, 

 Venturia pirina. He has observed scab abundant on apple trees while 

 pear trees growing beside them were unattacked. Some apple trees are 

 more resistant than others to the disease, and the writer recommends the 

 growing of these and also spraying with lime-sulphur or with Bordeaux 

 mixture. 



Yermoesen || has given an account of the fungus diseases of Hevea in 

 the Belgian Congo. Only oue case of root disease due to Fomes semitostus 

 was found. This was due to the well-drained character of the plantations 

 and to the absence of dead stumps. A disease of branches and trunks 

 called the die-back disease was wide-spread. The disease appears at the 

 tips of the branches and works its way back towards the base of the 

 stem. The fungus is probably Diplodia cacaokola, which attacks Hevea, 

 Cacao, etc., in various tropical countries. 



The same writer 1[ publishes another paper dealing with the disease of 

 Cacao in the same country. Root diseases were almost unknown. The 

 chief trouble noted was due to the presence of Diplodia cacaokola, which 



* Anu. Applied Biol. (1914) pp. 183-203 (8 figs.). 



f Ann. Applied Biol. (1914) pp. 204-6. 



% Le Progres Agric. Vitic, xxxi. (1914) pp. 114-15. See also Bull. Agric. Intell. 

 Rome, v. (1914) p. 1369. 



§ Bull. Mont. Agric. Exp. Stat., No. 96 (1914) pp. 69-102 (1 pi. and 3 figs.). 

 See also Bull. Agric. Intell. Rome, v. (1914) pp. 1369-70. 



|| Bull. Agric. Cong. Belg., v. (1914) pp. 312-21. See also Bull. Agric. Intell. 

 Rome, v. (1914) pp. 1522. 



K Bull. Agric. Cong. Belg., v. (1914) pp. 182-202 (figs.). 



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