242 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Bone in Sunfish.* — Kaschkaroff describes the development and 

 structure of the bone in Orthagoriscus mola. The bone in the strict 

 sense is a product of osteoblasts. In cell-less bone the osteoblasts sacri- 

 fice themselves in producing the matrix. Newly-formed bone, thus 



produced by the osteoblasts, is quite homogeneous and may probably 

 remain structureless. 



Connective tissue fibres may interpenetrate the bone and form the 

 greater part of it. But this is no necessary condition of bone-develop- 

 ment, although in most Teleosts the bone is mainly due to the connec- 

 tive tissue. 



Between bone without cells and bone rich in cells there is no essen- 

 tial difference. Which kind is the more primitive phylogenetically 

 cannot be decided at present. 



The development of the cell-less bone of Orthagoriscus presents some 

 resemblance to the development of cartilage. The various types of 

 connective tissue may be terms in a series. 



Elastic Cartilage in Intrapulmonary Bronchi of Mammals. | 

 G. Cutore calls attention to the frecpient presence of elastic cartilage in 

 the intrapulmonary bronchi in man, both in foetus and adult. The 

 elastic fibres in the foetus mostly arise from special cells (elastoblasts) ; 

 in post-natal life numerous fibres are derived from granules of elastin 

 which are separated off from cartilage-cells. Cutore has tried other 

 mammals — hedgehog, cat, dog, sheep, ox, pig, rat, guinea-pig, and rabbit. 

 In the walls of the intrapulmonary bronchi he has found hyaline carti- 

 lage, but no true elastic cartilage. In ox, pig, and rabbit, he found 

 some plates of cartilage which were invaded by a few strong elastic fibres 

 which come from the surrounding connective tissue. But this is not 

 true elastic connective tissue. 



Cartilaginous Inclusion in Human Palatine Tonsils.! — G. Alagna 

 calls attention to the presence of a nodule of hyaline cartilage in the 

 tonsils. There is nothing pathological about it, but probably a (" normo- 

 plastic ") differentiation of connective tissue into cartilage, which may 

 occur either in foetal or post-natal life. 



Chromaffine Bodies along the Human Oesophagus. §— G. Trinci 

 discusses Timlin's description of paraganglia or chromaffine bodies along 

 the oesophagus in man, and calls attention to his own work on similar 

 structures in reptiles. He found in reptiles besides carotid paraganglia 

 and a cardiac paraganglion, a series of chromaffine bodies intercalated 

 between these in the supra-cardiac and cervical region. He described 

 them as a cardiac-cervical chromaffine system, and it is to this that 

 Timlin's bodies belonsr. 



*»• 



* Anat. Anzeig., xlvii. (1914) pp. 113-38 (14 figs.). 

 t Anat. Anzeig., xlvii. (1914) pp. 359-64 (2 figs.). 

 t Anat. Anzeig., xlvii. (1914) pp. 331-6 (1 fig.). 

 § Anat. Anzeig., xlvii. (1914) pp. 352-6. 



