-N SUMMARY OF CURRENT LtESEARCHES RELATING TO 



L20 to L30 milligrams per lobster of 220 to 300 grams at the com- 

 mencement, and dropping to about half this quantity towards the end of 

 the experiment. This amount corresponds t<> a little over one-tenth of 

 a gram of protein or carbohydrate daily. 



Animal Ecology.*— Charles C. Adams has prepared a useful guide 

 to the study of animal ecology, which should have been noticed at an early 

 date in our record. The ecologist is chiefly concerned with the response3of 

 organisms— as individuals, groups, or associations — to their environment, 

 both organic and inorganic. The author indicates the aims and methods 

 of ecological study and gives abundant references to literature. A great 

 part of the book is occupied with this copious bibliography, arranged in 

 the main under three heads — the external conditions and their changes ; 

 the changes in organisms ; and the adjustments between them. 



Animal Communities in Temperate America.! — Victor E. Shel- 

 ford has sought to build up a biological background for field zoology. 

 The three leading ideas are : (a) the physiology of organisms as con- 

 trasted with the physiology of organs ; (b) the phenomena of animal 

 behaviour, especially in natural environment; and (c) the organized 

 data of plant ecology. The result is a very interesting and valuable 

 introduction to the study of animal associations and inter-relations. 

 After discussing man's relations to nature, the animal's relations to its 

 environment, the factors in the environment, and other general questions, 

 the author deals with the communities of the large lake, of streams, of 

 small lakes, of ponds, of ' ; tho tension lines " between land and water, 

 of swamp and flood-plain forests, of dry and mesophytic forests, of 

 thickets and forest margins, and of prairies. The relations between 

 different communities are also treated of, and the relations of ecology 

 to other branches of science. The work is scholarly, and should be 

 known to all interested in the extension and deepening of field natural 

 history. 



Hypophysis in Chimaera monstrosa.J— Mario Aresu describes the 

 structure of the hypophysis in this fish. It is a flattened sac, with a 

 chromophobic lobe attached to its dorsal surface posteriorly, and a 

 chromophilous lobe attached to its ventral surface anteriorly. Its 

 structure corresponds to the perimeningeal portion of the Selachian 

 hypophysis. There is not any trace of a part corresponding to the large 

 endocranial portion of the Selachian hypophysis. 



In the dorsal lobe, with little affinity for stains, there are numerous 

 sinusoids which collect the secretion and numerous nerve strands. The 

 chromophilous lobe has a different structure. It has no connexion with 

 the nervous tissue of the base of the dieucephalon. Its secretion may 

 pass in part into the sac of the hypophysis, but is mainly transported by 

 the sinusoids. 



* Guide to the Study of Animal Ecology, New York : Macmillan Gornpanv 

 (1913) x and 183 pp. (7 figs.). 



t Animal Communities in Temperate America, as illustrated in the Chicago 

 Region : A Study in Animal Ecology. Chicago : (1913) xiii and 362 pp. (306 figs.). 



X Anat. Anzeig., xlvii. (1914) pp. 181-92 (4 figs.). 



