252 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



bodies are on the increase ; (4) in Orthoptera and Lepidoptera, the 

 central body is still large and the mushroom-shaped bodies have distincl 

 calicea ; (5) in solitary Hymenoptera with artistic capacities, the central 

 body is relatively smaller and the calicesof the mushroom-shaped bodies 

 are larger ; (6) in social Hymenoptera, the central bodiesare small, and 

 the calices of the mnshroom-shaped bodies reach their highest grade of 

 development. 



Migration of Larval Phylloxera.*— B. Crassi discusses at length 

 the emigration of the newly born first larval stages of the Phylloxera" of 

 the vine, before they begin to eat. It is a normal phenomenon and 

 occurs on a much more extensive scale than was supposed by Faucon, 

 who first observed it. 



Mouth-parts of Glow-worm Larva.+— Kathleen Haddon describes 

 the mouth-parts and the manner of feeding in the larvre of Lampijris 

 noctiluca. Only the mandibles are strongly chitinized ; the first and 

 second niaxilke are fleshy. The mandible is penetrated by a canal which 

 communicates with the mouth, as Meinert described. Through this a 

 dark fluid is exuded. The arrangement of the mouth-parts is such that 

 no solid matter can enter the gullet. This is prevented by the numerous 

 outward-pointing hairs, which strain off particles. The pharynx forms 

 a suction-pump, and the details of this are described. The larva? feed on 

 snails, apparently without any preliminary anaesthetizing. The jaws 

 move continuously when the larva is feeding, and the mouth-parts are 

 bathed with the juices of the snail, which are then sucked into the 

 extremely narrow oesophagus. The method is therefore different from 

 that exhibited by the larvae of Dytiseus, which are able to close the 

 mouth completely and take iu the juice by the mandibular tubes only. 



New Thysanoptera. J— Richard S. Bagnall continues his studies on 

 Thysanoptera. He describes Cranothrips poultoni g. et sp. n. collected by 

 B. B. Poulton near Fremantle, Western Australia. It comes very 

 near Ankothrips, but the apex of the first antennal segment is strongly 

 produced inwardly, with the inner edge of the produced part serrate. 

 Among the other forms described are JEolothrips irevicornis sp. n., shaken 

 from a flower at Cape Town by E. B. Poulton ; Heliothrips brunnei- 

 pennis sp. n., from Ceylon ; Docessisophothrips laticeps sp. n., found in 

 Sarawak under bark along with termites. 



Behaviour and Local Distribution of Thysanoptera. §— A. Franklin 

 Sliull has continued his study of Thrips insects. He divides them into 

 two groups : — 1. Interstitial species, living in closely concealed situa- 

 tions, as among the florets of Composite, or in clusters of young leaves. 

 2. Superficial species, living on exposed surfaces, either on grasses 

 (poephilous) or on the leaves of plants other than grasses (phyllophilons). 



* Atti. (Rend ) R. Accad. Lincei Roma, xxiii. (1914) pp 19-30 



t Proc. Zool. Soc, 1915, pp. 77-8:2 (1 pi.). 



+ Ann. Nat. Hist., xv. (1915) pp. 315-24 (2 figs.). 



§ Amer. Nat., xlviii. (1914) up. 161-76. 



