ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 391 



large forms " are all attached to buried larva', the club and stem alone 

 appearing above the ground, and they appear like simple Clavariaa." 



An account of the life-history of the genus is given by Lloyd, with 

 biological and other notes on Australian species. 



Notes on Ascomycetes.* — J. Ramsbottoni draws attention to the 

 double use of the generic name Protascus recently given by Wolk to 

 one of the Protoascineaa which caused "yellow-grains" of rice. The 

 name had already been used by Dangeard for a Chytridiaceous fungus 

 parasitic on Anguillules. Ramsbottom proposes the name Wolkia for 

 the '• yellow-grain " fungus. 



In a second paper he discusses the occurrence and systematic value 

 of guttulas in the spore of Discomycetes. They are frequently used as 

 characters of diagnostic importance, but though very distinct in fresh 

 specimens when mounted in water, they are dissolved both by tincture 

 of iodine and by alcohol, and they disappear in a night when mounted 

 in glycerin. In herbarium slides mouuted in glycerin, all guttulae have 

 disappeared. 



Nuclear Migration in Phragmidium violaceum.t — E. J. Welsford 

 has reinvestigated the formation of the binuclear stage in the ascidiurn of 

 this species, and her results confirm those already described by V. H. 

 Blackmann. The binucleate condition is brought about by the migra- 

 tion of a vegetative nucleus to a fertile cell, and no other mode of dupli- 

 cation was observed. The size of the pore, through which the nucleus 

 passes, is very small, though sometimes measuring up to 3 /a in width. 

 That these migrations are not pathological in nature is shown by the 

 facts that : — 1. They occur in regular sequence from the middle to the 

 periphery of the aecidium. 2. They are not found in the paraphyses at 

 tli.' periphery of the ascidia, where the cells are nearer to the wounded 

 surface. 3. They are found in material fixed in various ways. 



Cultures of Uredinese.i — J. C. Arthur has continued these cultures 

 undertaken to follow the life-history of the various forms and to deter- 

 mine their relationships. Great reliance is placed on field observations 

 as affording clues to the related host-plants. In this paper are recorded 

 the successful as well as the negative results obtained during the years 

 1!H2, 1913, and 1011. The species reported for the first time are : 

 Uromyces elegans : aecidiospores from Trifolium carolinianum sown on 

 the same host produced teleutospore sori Pticcinia nodosa : ;ecidiospores 

 from Brodisea pauciflora also produced teleutospores on the same host. 

 Puccifia splendms : teleutospores from Hymenoclea monogyra produced 

 pycnidia and aacidia ; aacidiospores reproduced uredo- and teleutospores, 

 all on the same host. 



Uredineae.§— F. C. Stewart and W. H. Rankin discuss the over- 

 wintering of Cronartium ribkola on the currant. The aecidial form, 



* Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc, v. (19151 pp. 143-6. 

 + Ann. Bot., xxix. (1915) pp. 293-7 (1 pi.). 

 : Mvcologia, vii. (1915) p. 61-S9. 



§ New York Agric. Esper. Stat., Bull. No. 374 (1914) pp. 41-53 (3 pis.). See 

 also Bull. Agric. Intell. Rome, vi. (1915) pp. 468-9. 



2 E 2 



