ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 503 



He found ascidia on Ranunculus repens and R. flammula, growing in 

 close proximity. He grew the spores from the latter host on various 

 grasses, and on Festuca rubra obtained uredospores and, later, the teleu- 

 tospores of Uromyces Festucse. He tested the ascidiospores from 

 Ranunculus scleratus on a neighbouring plant of Phragmites communis, 

 with negative results. Various other cultures on Ranunculus are re- 

 ported. Successful cultures were made on species of Rumex and Rheum 

 with the spores of Puccinia Phragmitis, and cultures with spores of 

 Puccinia coronata and P. coronifera, with the result that Trebonn does 

 not think there is any sharp limit between the two. With aecidiurn 

 material from Rhamnus frangula he produced the " crown " rust on a 

 number of grasses not before considered as hosts. 



P. Dietel * has also published a paper setting forth his views of 

 classification in Uredineae. He divides them into three families, 

 Melanipsoraceas, Pucciniaceaa, and Pucciniosiracea?. The first family is 

 the oldest, and were parasites of ferns. They were at first certainly 

 autcecious, but became hetercecious on the appearance of the conifers. 

 The next in time, the Pucciniaceas, developed through the teleutospore. 

 This group had extraordinary power of development, and many new 

 genera appeared, especially on the LegurninosEe and Rosacea? — on the 

 former in tropical countries, on the latter in more northern lands. The 

 Pucciniosiraceaa belong almost entirely to the tropics. 



Treboux f has also written on the wintering of fungus mycelium, 

 especially of Uredineas, and cites many instances that have come under 

 his observation. The uredospores scarcely retain germinating power, 

 but leaves containing mycelium may be still living in spring, and be 

 capable of forming new uredospores. He cites as instances Puccinia 

 dispersa (on Secede), P. obscura (on Luzula), P. Poarum, and others. 

 In these cases he noted on the leaves the old uredo sori, developing new 

 uredospores on the approach of warmer weather. 



Ed. Fischer! has made a series of culture experiments with the 

 alpine Uredine, Puccinia Dubyi. It was found originally on Androsace 

 Laggeri, then on A. alpina. Many cultures were made, and it was 

 proved that the species was a Micropuccinia without pycnidia ; that the 

 mycelium penetrated the young shoots, and was probably perennial ; and, 

 finally, that it could be transferred to Androsace camea, A. lactea, and 

 A. helvetica. 



Development of Amanitopsis vaginata.s — G. F. Atkinson has 

 published a study of pileus development, with regard to this species, 

 from very young stages, about 1 mm. in diameter, onwards. In these 

 very young conditions there is already a differentiation into a bulb or 

 foot, and a smaller fertile portion in which the parts of the fruiting 

 tissues originate. The early primordium of the pileus, a biconvex or 

 slightly dome-shaped area near the upper surface, is of slightly denser 

 texture, and stains more deeply. This primordium gradually increases 



* Mycol. Centralbl., v. (1914) pp. 65-73. 

 t Mycol. Centralbl., v. (1914) pp. 120-6. 

 t Mycol. Centralbl., v. (1914) pp. 113-19. 

 § Ann. Mycol., xii. (1914) pp. 369-92 (3 pis.). 



