ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 607 



results of culture experiments which he was able to carry out with many 

 of the species. The relation to other published species are also fully 

 discussed. The monograph is copiously illustrated. 



Marine Pyrenomycetes.* — G. K. Sutherland supplies additional 

 notes on these fungi. He describes Orcadia pelvetiana sp. n., which 

 grows in the tissues of living Pelretia canaliculate. It differs from 

 the previous species discovered by the author on Ascophyllum nodosum. 

 in the smaller size of the various parts and in its relation to the host, 

 to which it does little damage. 



Auother new species on the same host, Bidymospltseria pelvetiana, 

 was found not only in the Orkneys but also in the Solent on sea-borne 

 material. The perithecia are scattered over the host and cause blacken- 

 ing of the algal tissue. Other new species, D. fucicola on Fucus 

 vesiculosus and Hypoderma Laminarise on Laminaria saccharin a, were also 

 found in Orkney. The latter is the first member of the Hysterineie to 

 be recorded from marine algaa. 



Pyronema confluens Tul. var. inigneum Brown.j — Cultural studies 

 of this variety have been made by "W. H. Brown from a specimen that 

 grew on a flower-pot in the botanical laboratory of Johns Hopkins 

 University. It is like the species except that it does not require sterilized 

 soil (carbonaceous soil) on which to develop. B-rown describes the 

 development of the sexual organs, which also show some peculiarities ; 

 the antheridia and ascogonia are independent of each other, and in no 

 case was any fusion between the two observed. They retain their 

 normal appearance long after the ascogenous hyphas have grown from 

 the ascogonia. The only nuclear fusion observed was in the penultimate 

 cell which gives rise to an ascus ; the fusion nucleus then goes into 

 synapsis, and at the first and subsequent divisions there are five chromo- 

 somes. 



Ascomycetes of Ohio4 — The study of these plants has been under- 

 taken by Bruce Fink and C. Audrey Richards. Lichens have been 

 included as parasites on algte', and Fink takes special charge of that 

 group. He reviews work done in regard to their life-history — the 

 sexual process and symbiosis. He traces the origin of the group from 

 the Rhodophyceas, and he places at the end of the series the Perisporiales, 

 Aspergillales, Exoascales and Saccharomycetales as degenerate or 

 doubtful Ascomycetes. 



In a second part of the paper he takes up the Collernaceae of Ohio ; 

 he explains his own particular view of lichens and his methods of 

 diagnosing the genera and species, which are fully described later. 



Degenerate Form of Aspergillus niger.§— This form occurred in 

 artificial cultures of the fungus by R. Schramm, and was characterized 

 by the absence of normal conidial production, the concentration of the 



* New Phytologist, xiv. (1915) pp. 183-93 (3 figs.). 



t Amer. Journ. Bot., ii. (1915) pp. 289-97. 



t Ohio Biol. Survey, Bull. 5, ii. No. 1 (1915) 70 pp. (6 pis.). 



§ Mycol. Centralbl., v. (1914) pp. 20-7 (5 figs.). 



