ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 475 



hesperidum, Pulvinaria vitis, and P. camelicola, and in the male nymph- 

 stages of the last two. They consist of small cylindrical sacs within 

 which are minute glandular cells, not in intimate contact with one 

 another or with the surrounding tunic, and thus leaving interstices 

 serving for the passage of the excreted products. Teodoro did not 

 find what Veneziani has described in various insects — a basal protoplasm 

 with fine canaliculi or an apparatus with pore-canals. 



Abnormalities in Insects.* — Leopoldo Chinaglia calls attention to 

 some abnormalities — a doubling of the right antenna in Borms par>'l- 

 lelepipedus, a greatly reduced (regenerated) left first leg in Gryllus 

 domesticus, and an atrophied (regenerated) right third leg in Arctia caja. 



New Malaria Mosquito. f — C. S. Banks describes Myzomyiafebrifera 

 sp. n., a mosquito like M.funesta Giles and M. rossii Giles, which has 

 been bred by Walker and Barber and proved to be a malaria-carrier. 



Chironomidse of Illinois. J — John R. Malloch has made a detailed 

 study of these midges, with particular reference to those occurring in 

 the Illinois River. In the introduction it is noted that no Chirononiinae 

 nor Taypinae are known to bite, but some Ceratopogoninae are blood- 

 suckers, e.g. Cidicoides pulicaris (well-known to be abundant near small 

 lochs in Scotland). Most of the larvae are aquatic, but some species of 

 Ceratopogoninas have terrestrial larvae, sometimes conspicuously spinose, 

 living underneath bark or the like, and even in the nests of Hymenop- 

 tera. A very peculiar form, described by Garman, lives on submerged 

 logs. Over a thousand species of Chironornidae have been described, 

 and this must be but a small fraction of the real whole. 



The eggs are enveloped in a gelatinous covering, and form pear- 

 shaped, or rope-like, or compacted masses ; most of the larvae burrow in 

 mud or silt ; most species are difficult to detect because of their brownish 

 or greyish colour, but the " blood-worms " are conspicuous. The pupa? 

 seldom leave the burrow or come to the surface till just immediately 

 before the emergence of the adult. A description is given of the general 

 characters of larvae, pupae, and adults. The bulk of the memoir is 

 devoted to the systematic description of Chironomids new and old. 



Bird Lice of Genus Docophorus found on British Auks.§ — James 

 Waterston discusses the structure of the male genitalia, which afford 

 easily recognized and exact specific characters. " So very sharply defined 

 indeed are the chitinized portions of these organs, that it is in many 

 cases possible by this means to determine accurately mere fragments of 

 insects so bleached and rubbed as to be otherwise unrecognisable." The 

 structures in question are complex and have an elaborate terminology. 

 The author deals with five species of Docophorus from British auks, and 

 gives a diagnostic key based on characters of the male genitalia alone. 



* Redia, x. (1915) pp. 7-13. 



+ Philippine Journ. Sci., ix. (1914) pp. 405-7. 



I Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., x. (1915) pp. 275-543 (24 pis.). 



§ Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xix. (1915) pp. 171-6 (5 figs.). 



