ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 579 



enormous, and touch one another on the dorsal median line of the 

 prostomium. Each has a clear almost ventrally directed lens. Another 

 new form of very slender body (0*5 mm. in breadth) is Callizona 

 japonica sp. n., in which the prostomium is greatly prolonged anteriorly 

 beyond the line of the eyes. The other new species is Tomopteris pacifica, 

 in which the second tentacular cirri are about three-quarters as long as 

 the body-proper, " rosette-form " organs are present on the first and 

 second parapodia, there are fin-glands, and there is a slender tail-region 

 of about one-third the length of the body. 



Sipunculoids of North Sea and Baltic* — J. Fischer deals with 

 species of Phascolosoma, Phascolion, Physcosoma, Aspidosiphon, Onchne- 

 soma, Priapulus, and Halicryptus, and gives an account of the shields 

 which occur on Aspidosiphon at the two ends of the body. Each shield 

 is composed of a number of closely-appressed chitinous plates. Each 

 plate shows in cross-section a distinct concentric lamination. The plates 

 arise by the deposition of lamina? from the hypodermis, which is a dif- 

 ferentiation of the epidermis. It is probable that the function of the 

 shields is protective. The animals often live in Gasteropod shells, and 

 the anterior shield serves to close the aperture. In Aspidosiphon 

 mirdbitis, which lives in the shell of Dentalium, the posterior shield has 

 a similar use. In some species, e.g. A. venabulum, living in shells of 

 Turritella, the posterior shield is very weakly developed. 



Nematohelminthes. 



Migration of Larvae of Onchocerca. f — William Nicoll discusses the 

 migration of the larva? of Onchocerca gibsoni, a parasite causing nodules 

 in cattle in Australia. He has made a number of experiments which go 

 to show that the larva? can and do make their escape through the 

 capsule of the nodule. They usually do so in small numbers, but the 

 number may be considerable, and quite sufficient to ensure a moderate 

 chance of a few being taken up by a blood-sucking or biting insect. 

 The larvae may even come through the skin, and might infect a non- 

 biting insect ; but in such a case it would be difficult to understand 

 how re-inoculation could be effected. The larva?, are adapted for in- 

 dependent existence in water, and their fife in water does not extend 

 beyond two days. Notwithstanding these objections, water-borne infec- 

 tion cannot be ruled out as impossible. On the whole, however, insect- 

 borne infection appears to present the greatest measure of probability. 



In another paper % the author takes a survey of the parasitic worms 

 of tropical Queensland, calling attention to the hook-worms {Arikylo- 

 stomum duodmale and Necator americanus), the rarity of tape- worms in 

 man, the worm-nodules in cattle, the frequency of Dirofilaria intimitis in 

 the dog's heart and of Gigantorhynchus moniliformis in rats. The 

 Echidna is infected by two species of Cittolxnia and by a little red 

 Nematode firmly coiled in a spiral and attached to the' wall of the 



* Wiss. Meeresuntersuoh. Kiel, xvi. (1914) pp. 87-128 (1 pi. and 9 figs.). 

 t Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitology, viii. (1914) pp. 609-21. 

 % Med. Journ. Australia (Sept. 12, 1914) pp. 3-7. 



