580 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



intestine, lie. refers also to the remarkable Trematode, Rhabiliojmux 

 taylori, described by S. J. Johnston, from the dugong, various eye-worms 

 from birds, and the distinctive Trematodes found in fishes. 



Free-living Nematodes of Switzerland.* — B. Eofmanner and \l. 

 Menzel give an account of the lacustrine and terrestrial Nematodes of 

 Switzerland, and bring up the list to 110 species. A useful diagnostic 

 key is given. Eighteen new forms are described and the new genus 

 Criconema is established for small forms with a very markedly ringed 

 cuticle, peculiar thickenings at the head end, and long fine spines at the 

 mouth. The cuticular rings may be smooth (in C. morgense) or furnished 

 with spine-like backward-directed processes (C. guernei). The latter 

 {Eubostrichus guerni of Certes) was first found iu Tierra del Fuego, 

 subsequently by Richters on Kerguelen and Heard Island, and by Murray 

 in Scotland. 



^ ' Platyhelminthes. ,| 



New Cestode.j — A. R. Cooper describes Haplobothrium globuliforme 

 g. et sp. n. from the duodenum of Amia calva, in which small procer- 

 coids were also found. The body is remarkable since the proglottides 

 are marked externally only in the anterior portion of the strobila, 

 beginning immediately behind the scolex. Here the proglottis is pro- 

 vided posteriorly with four ear-like appendages directed backwards, 

 which may help in attachment, perhaps by forming temporary suckers 

 or by using rows of spines arranged along their edges. Posteriorly these 

 appendages disappear and the proglottides are marked only by the 

 successive sets of gonads. The scolex differs but little, either internally 

 or externally, from the foremost joints, the two suckers being somewhat 

 feebly developed. 



The musculature is particularly well expressed in the jointed region 

 of the strobila. The external longitudinal fibres are quite distinct from 

 the inner or longitudinal muscles of the parenchyma, but are confined to 

 the anterior region of the strobila. The outer transverse series is 

 divided into two sets on each surface of the proglottis, and the fibres are 

 directed postero- laterally, decussating in the mid-line. The individual 

 fibres of nearly all the groups of muscles are characterized by having 

 their cortical or contractile layers divided up into a number of fibrils, 

 which, however, still retain their connexions with the protoplasmic 

 substance of the myoblasts. 



The nervous system consists of two chief strands, situated laterally 

 in the medullary parenchyma and united beneath the tip of the scolex 

 to form a very small ganglionic ring. In the jointed portion of the 

 strobila there are eight collateral strands, four located around each chief 

 strand. The excretory system consists of one large median vessel — the 

 equivalent of the usual dorsal pair — and two smaller vessels, situated 

 laterally and ventrally. All unite in the scolex to form a median vesicle 

 accommodated in the hollow behind the nerve-ring. There are numerous 

 foramina secundaria and flame-cells. The genital organs are described 



* Revue Suisse Zool., xxiii. (1915) pp. 103-243 (3 pis.). 



t Trans. R. Canadian lust., xxiv. (1915) pp. 81-119 (3 pis.). 



