ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, .MICROSCOPY.. ETC. 595 



producing the normal terminal group of gemmae. Similar thalloid 

 protonemata are normally developed from the germinating gemmae and 

 spores of Tetraphis. 



G-ametophyte of Pellia epiphylla.*— A. H. Hutchinson has investi- 

 gated the varying methods of growth of Pellia epiphylla. He finds that 

 the development of the antheridium varies. The dominant method is 

 that characteristic of Jungermanniales ; forms occur, not infrequently, 

 which are like the antheridium of Marchantiales, while others are like 

 the archegonium in their early development. The archegonia are 

 produced from cells of the apical group and occur in an archegonial 

 pocket. The diversities from the regular form are few ; the large 

 number of neck canal cells, the extreme development of the cap, the 

 frequent reduction of the number of tiers of neck-wall cells to five, and 

 the somewhat massive venter should be noted. The outer cell of the 

 two resulting from the division of the archegonial initial divides hori- 

 zontally before the vertical wall is formed. As to methods of growth, 

 several periods of growth may be recognized, each having a specific 

 method of growth : the massive ; the period of the cuneate apical cell 

 extending until antheridium-formation ; the period of regional apical 

 growth, or the period of archegonium-production ; and the second period 

 of massive growth, or the period of sporophyte dependence. 



Ephemeropsis tjibodensis.f — I. Gyorffy has studied the histology 

 of certain interesting exotic mosses and describes his results in respect 

 of Ephemeropsis tjibodensis Goebel, collected by M. Fleischer in Tjibodas. 

 The capsules of the material examined were all found to be much longer 

 than those figured by Fleischer. On the neck were irregularities and 

 swellings, making the neck nodulose. The epidermis cells at the base of 

 the operculum are flattened ; those on the upper part of the operculum 

 are higher than broad. The epidermal cells of the theca in quite young 

 capsules are all bulging ; the cell-walls of the epidermis in the young 

 capsule are quite thin. Only portions of the cell-wall which run hori- 

 zontally show thickenings, while the vertical walls remain thin. As 

 regards the structure of the peristome teeth, the author finds that the 

 cells of the outer layer-(plaque exterieure) show lamellated, very marked 

 thickenings — a distinct structure — while the cells of the inner layer 

 (plaque interieure) are homogeneous, although strongly thickened. 

 Finally, the author describes in detail the stomata and breathing pores, 

 and writes : "The guard cells of the stomata lie at the same level as 

 the neighbouring epidermis cells of the pores ; consequently they are 

 doubtless phaneroporous. . . . Thus the capsule of Ephemeropsis shows 

 a very advanced development, that is a remarkable degree of adaptation 

 to aerial life, which is indicated most clearly by the stomata. . . . The 

 air-chamber of the neck of the capsule of Ephemeropsis is lightly inter- 

 woven with the loose cells of the spongy parenchyma. Since, however, 



* Bot. Gaz., lx. (1<J15) pp. 134-43 (4 pis.). 



t Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg. xiv. (1915) pp. 3G-51. See also Bot. Centralbl., 

 cxxix. (1915) pp. 153-4. 



