PORII-ERA. II. 83 



and C. abyssicola var. linearis with three-toothed ancorse o - 032 mni long, may be said with certainty not 

 to belong here, but they must be independent species. 



Locality: The Ingolf-Expedition has only obtained a slight material of this species; station 

 32, the Davis Strait, 66° 35' Lat. N., 56 38' Long. W., depth 318 fathoms (bottom temperature 3°9 C), the 

 two largest specimens; station 40, south of Iceland, 62 00' Lat. N., 21° 36' Long. W., depth 845 fathoms 

 (bottom temperature 3°3 C), two small, unbrauched specimens. 



Geogr. distr. Skraaven at the Lofoten, depth 300 fathoms (Sars), and depth ca. 200 fathoms 

 (one specimen sent by Dr. Nordgaard); the Saltenfjord, depth ca. 185 fathoms (Dr. Nordgaard); the 

 Skager Rack, depth 294 fathoms (O. Schmidt I.e.); between Franz-Josef Land and Nova Zembla 79 15' 

 Lat. N., 59° 14' Long. E., depth ca. 130 fathoms (v. Marenzeller I.e.); the Gulf of St. Lawrence, depth 200 

 fathoms (Lambe 1. a). Thus the species is known distributed from ca. 60° Long. W. to ca. 6o° Long. E., 

 and between 6o° and 8o c Lat. N. It does not go to specially great depths, the bathymetrical range 

 being between 130 and 845 fathoms, and it is exclusively a native of a bottom with positive tempera- 

 ture. On all the localities the species was taken on muddy bottom, and its richly branched root agrees 

 also with this fact. 



2. C. gelida n. sp. 

 PL III, Fig. 1. PL XII, Fig. 3 a— h. 

 1885. ? Cladorhiza abyssicola Armauer Hansen, The Norwegian North-Atlantic Exp. XIII, Spongiadce, 

 partim, PL VII, figs. 7 b, 10, 12. 



Slender, will/ branches issuing from a central axis ; the branches arranged more or less distinctly 

 in a plan or issuing quite irregularly; often -eery long and subdivided. The stem ending below either in 

 a roof or a little basal expansion. The skeleton of the type of the genus. Spicula : Megasclera styli 

 0-40 — 0--/J"""; microsclera of three forms, anisancora- uuguifcrcr with five teeth 0-028— crojj""". sigmatu 

 of ttvo forms, large ones 0-12— o-i6""", small ones, with compressed terminal parts 0-044 — o-oj/""". 



Of this species we have a rather considerable material, but most of the specimens are rather 

 much damaged. The species is chiefly of the same form and structure as C. abyssicola, but it grows 

 to a considerably greater size, and is more irregular. It consists of a stem, from which lateral branches 

 of varying length issue. The original principle seems to be that the branches issue in one plan to two 

 opposite sides; but this principle is not carried through, and so the branches are frequently arranged 

 irregularly and issue to more sides; the arrangement in one plan, however, is most frequently recognizable. 

 The distance between the branches ma} - be somewhat varying. They issue generally at about right angles, 

 only a little directed upwards. Sometimes the branches are a little swollen towards the end, but often, 

 however, such a swelling is not found. To judge from the material in hand, the stem may end below 

 in different ways, either in the same way as in abyssicola with a branched root, or with a little 

 expansion which then lias been attached; this feature is probably to some degree dependent on the 

 bottom. While in the form now described the sponge is tolerably regular, a high degree of irregularity 

 is very frequent. This irregularity may be owing to several causes. Thus the stem, which in the more 

 regular forms is tolerably erect, may become sometimes irregularly curved, sometimes twisted in such 

 a way, that the branches are lying in all plans. Then the branches ma}- also be bent in many different 



