78 



POR1FERA. II. 



b.b. Formed as an open or compressed calyx (or head) on a stalk: 

 c. Forcipes are found: 



d. Calyx-shaped; several forms of megasclera, among which project- 

 ing, long and finely pointed styli; chelse o - oi8 — o-027 mm , forcipes 



o - 075 mm infundibulum Levins. 



d.d. Not. calyx-shaped; only one form of megasclera; chelse o - 027 mm , 



forcipes o-076 mm versa t 'His Tops. 



ce. No forcipes: 



d. A fringe of spicules round the edge of the calyx; projecting spi- 

 cules very long and fine styli, some of them pearl-string-shaped; 



chelse 0-017 — o-oio, mni comata n. sp. 



d.d. No fringe of spicules; projecting spicules short subtylostyli; chelae 



croiS— o - oi9 m "' minuta Lambe. 



Cladorhiza M. Sars. 



Erect sponges of definite form; branched in different ways or unbranched; often consisting of a 

 middle axis sending off brandies to two sides or all round, more or less regularly, or branched from the 

 base. Below the axis most frequently divides into a more or less richly branched root. The middle axis 

 and the branches carry short brauchlets issuing all round and close-set. or these brauchlets are gathered 

 at the top as a circle or a head, and then they are considerably longer. The skeleton is closely dependent 

 on the form : it consists in axes and branches of a powerful, polysplenia?' fibre, often of great thickness: 

 in this fibre are inserted the fibres supporting the brauchlets. In the axial fibres spougin is found. 

 Spicula: megasclera are oftcuest styli. sometimes oxea; subtylostyli may occur; microsclcra : the charac- 

 teristic microsclera are anisancora unguifera with three to five teeth in either end, sometimes up to 

 nine teeth in the larger end; the an cone may be found alone or together with sigmata of one or 

 two forms. 



With regard to the external form, as I have described it in the diagnosis, I shall remark that 

 I entirely follow the opinion put forth by Top sent (Sur l'orientation des Crinorhiza, Compt. Rend. 

 Acad, des Sc. 1902), and accordingly I am of opinion that Ridley and Dendy in Challeng. Report 

 have turned their C. longipiuua. similis, and iuversa. as also their Axoniderma mirabile and Chondro- 

 cladia crinita upside down. There can scarcely be any doubt that what they have had before them 

 is nothing but torn off upper parts of sponges. 



The Cladorhiza-species seem, according to their form, to fall under two groups; one consists of 

 slender, unbranched or, most frequently, branched forms the axes and branches of which carry every- 

 where short branchlets; the other group consists of forms with an unbranched stalk or axis carrying 

 above branches gathered in a circle or a head. These branches reach a considerably greater length 

 than the branchlets of the other group, but they are, however, surely to be regarded as formations of 

 the same kind, and do not correspond to the branchings of the axis. The fact is that the branches 



