PORIFKRA. II. 13 



a somewhat swollen upper end; they were measured to a length of 0-25 — o^o 1 "" 1 and a thickness at 

 the upper end of ca. o-oo2 ram . Of microsclera they have only the middle form of chelse, which occur 

 in all stages of development, as also fully developed, but they are considerably smaller than in the 

 fully developed sponge, only reaching a length of oo3 mmI )- Quite the same observation has been 

 made by Ridlev and Deudv with regard to the embryos of Esperella mammtformis, where the aniso- 

 chelse of the embryos had a length of o-e>5 mra , while in the grown sponge their length was o-c>7 mm . In 

 the opinion of these authors this fact, however, has no especial peculiarity, as, according to their view 

 of the growth of the chela, the small chelae may quite simply grow to their full size. The specimens 

 with embryos were taken during the month of July. 



Locality: Station 28, 65 14' Lat. N., 55 42' Long W., depth 420 fathoms; station 73, 62 58' Lat. N., 

 23° 28' Long. W., depth 486 fathoms; station 81, 6i° 44' Lat. N., 27 00' Long. W., depth 485 fathoms; 

 station 127, 66° 33' Lat. N., 20° 05' Long. W., depth 44 fathoms. It has further been taken on 65 39' 

 Lat. N., 28 25' Long. W., depth 553 fathoms (the East-Greenland expedition 1891 — 92). Altogether five 

 or six specimens. The mentioned localities are situated to the north and south of Iceland, in the 

 Denmark Strait and in the Davis Strait. 



Geogr. distr. Between Scotland and the Faroe Islands, depth 440 fathoms ('Porcupine , Carter); 

 the eastern coast of Greenland, depth 140 fathoms (Fristedt); at the Azores, depth 1196 fathoms (Top- 

 sent). Carter's Unknown sponge is, no doubt, identical with E.villosa, it was taken by the Porcu- 

 pine ■>, between Scotland and the Faroe Islands, 59 56' Lat. N., 6° 27' Long. W., depth 363 fathoms; but 

 it is to be noted that the bottom temperature was here — 0-3°, while on all the other localities of the 

 species it has been positive. 



2. E. Normani Bow. 

 PI. VIII, Fig. 2 a— d. 

 1866. Isodictya Normani Bowerbank, Mon. Brit. Spong. II, 320, 31, III, 141, PI. LVI, figs. 1 — 5. 

 1880. Ampkilectus Normani Vosmaer, Notes from the Leyden Museum, II, 117, 25. 

 1885. Esperia Normani Fristedt, Kgl. Sv. Akad. Hand., 21, No. 6, 42. 



1893. Esperella Normani Levinsen, Det vidensk. Udbytte af Kanonbaaden Hauch s Togter, 422, 19, 

 Tab. I, figs. 37—49. 



Incrusting or more or less massive or cushion-shaped (sometimes somewhat branched). The dermal 

 membrane thin, without spicules, resting on the skeleton below; it is pierced by the ends of the fibres, 

 and the surface therefore is finely shaggy. Oscula scattered, most frequently on the end of slightly 

 marked, conical projections. The skeleton of a re.nierid structure with polyspicular primary fibres and 

 most frequently single transverse spicules. Spicula : megasclera curved styli o-/6~u-jj""" ; microsclera of 

 one form, isochelce palmatce 0-020 — o m o2i""". 



The typical form of this species is incrusting, especially on Hydroidea and branched Bryozoa; 



it may be of varying thickness and consequently somewhat varying in form ; most frequently it 



forms larger or smaller covers, or it becomes cushion-shaped or lumpy. It seems, however, also to be 



') As all spicules are of the same size, or, at all events, of about the same size in small and large specimens of one 

 species, it is to be supposed that verv soon after the sponge having fixed itself, chelae are formed of the size normal to the 

 species. 



