ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 63 



Lastly there was found a localized binucleate sporophyte mycelium 

 in P. Podophylli, which gave rise to a sorus of teleutospores, and in the 

 other two species to the " summer generation " or " repeating genera- 

 tion," producing secondary uredo- and teleutospores. 



No fusion of nuclei was observed in any preparation. The ascidio- 

 spores of P. Podophyllii, as well as the uredospores of the other two 

 species, are regarded as secondary in origin and apogamously derived, 

 arising solely from binucleate mycelium. 



The gametophytic or uninucleate mycelium produces only the 

 pycnidia or so-called spermatia, and in instances where the two kinds of 

 mycelium are intermingled, the uninucleate appears usually to predominate 

 in young tissues over the binucleate. In older and more mature tissues the 

 reverse is the case. 



Rusts of Nova Scotia.* — W. P. Fraser has published a paper which 

 includes not only descriptive accounts of the species occurring in Nova 

 Scotia, but also a general life history of the rust fungi ; the various 

 forms that occur ; and an account of culture methods, specialization, etc. 

 The cytology is also described so far as known. 



Under enemies of the rusts he describes Darlueafllum and Tuderculina, 

 and the larva of a species of Cecidomyia. The economic aspect of rusts 

 in Nova Scotia is also fully dealt with. All the genera recorded in 

 North America have been found in the district, with the exception of two 

 — Gallowaya and Hyalospora. 



Contribution to a Knowledge of Black Yeasts.j — These yeasts 

 are the product of dark-coloured fungi and are generally known as 

 Saccharomyces niger or Torula niger. W. Will bas made an extensive 

 cultural study, and distinguishes three forms. 1. Yeast-cells elongate- 

 ellipsoid. 2. Yeast-eells ovoid. 3. Y"east-cells globose. All of these 

 forms are closely related morphologically and pbysiologicaliy, and are 

 probably only varieties of one original species. No higher development 

 of the organism was obtained, and Will considers that the old names 

 must be dropped ; though until more definite results are obtained he 

 does not feel able to give a more accurate designation. 



Culture of Polyporus squamosus.J — S. R. Price made cultures of 

 the fungus from the spores on different pieces of wood. Growth was 

 very slow, but finally various structures were formed — without, however, 

 any appearance of a hymenium. At a later date a system of irregular 

 pores appeared on one surface of a long spathulate stalk developed in 

 brigbt light and supplied with a peptone solution. 



Special attention was paid to the wood-destroying characters of the 

 mycelium. It takes two months to appear after spore-infection of the 

 wood and after a few months more produces " oidia." The mycelial 

 growth was generally stronger in darkness than in the light — but both 

 extremes, darkness and a bright liglrt, were unfavourable to the forma- 

 tion of fruiting structure. The wood -cells were deliguified from the 

 lumen outwards, the middle lamella remaining intact. 



* Proc. and Trans. Nova Scotia Inst. Sci. Halifax, xii. pp. 313-445 (figs.). 



+ Centralbl. Bakt., xxxix. (1913) pp. 1-2(5 (14 figs). 



X New Phvtologist, xii. (1913) pp. 269-81 (1 pi. and 4 figs.). 



